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      Ajdukiewicz and the Notion of Conceptual Apparatus

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      Journal: Academicus International Scientific Journal
      Publisher: Academicus Journal

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          Abstract

          The Polish philosopher Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz adopted the notion of “conceptual apparatus”, which is very similar to the idea of “conceptual scheme” put forward by Donald Davidson, Willard V. Quine, Nicholas Rescher and others. Ajdukiewicz’s theses are, in this regard, very important although less known, and he treated cognitive processes as inseparably connected with language.

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          Logic and Philosophy in the Lvov—Warsaw School

          Jan Wolenski, J. Wolenski (1989)
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            Philosophy and Logical Positivism

            Michele Marsonet (2019)
            Logical positivists claim that the whole of human knowledge can be reduced to analytic and synthetic sentences, and this means that the only possible knowledge is provided by science. Metaphysics is thus meaningless, because its sentences do not comply with the rules set forth by logical analysis of language. What, then, is the philosopher’s job? The members of the Vienna Circle answer that his task is to clarify the concepts used within empirical and formal sciences, while analytic philosophers stress instead the importance of ordinary language’s analysis. But the outcome is in both cases clear: philosophy is linguistic analysis. Howeber, by reducing the whole of reality to empirical reality, logical positivists do metaphysics. We do not have the “elimination” of metaphysics, but just the proposal of an empiricist brand of metaphysics.
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              Quine on the Dogmas of Empiricism

              Michele Marsonet (2019)
              In his works the American philosopher Willard van Quine constantly rejects the analytic/synthetic distinction claiming that it is not justified. This happens because, in his opinion, human statements about the external world face the tribunal of experience not individually but as a corporate body, which implies that the judgment on their validity ultimately rests on experience itself. Many problems arise at this point, since even language plays a fundamental role in the Quinean view, and it must be accommodated into the picture if the picture itself means to be coherent. Conceptual scheme and external world are both necessary, but language does not seem to be a factor whose ultimate legitimacy relies on something outside the conceptual sphere, and this means in turn that we face a dualistic situation. Conceptual schemes or world-views, like the ones provided by Newtonian mechanics or quantum theory, are the primary bearers of truth, and the truth of a statement strictly depends from the particular conceptual scheme one currently adopts.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Michele Marsonet: (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Title: Academicus International Scientific Journal
                Publisher: Academicus Journal
                ISSN (Print): 20793715
                ISSN (Electronic): 23091088
                Publication date Created: July 2021
                Publication date (Print): July 2021
                Volume: 24
                Pages: 226-229
                Affiliations
                [1 ]University of Genoa, Italy
                Article
                DOI: 10.7336/academicus.2021.24.15
                SO-VID: 82a713ca-c996-4ddc-b507-5a72c0d048e1
                Copyright © © 2021
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                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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