Mixobiota do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, SE, Brasil: Trichiales

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Abstract

Como parte do levantamento da mixobiota de Sergipe foram avaliadas a abundância e constância das Trichiales encontradas em diferentes microhabitats e níveis altitudinais no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana (10º40'52"S e 37º25'15"W; 7.966 ha). Dois tipos fisionômicos predominam: florestas úmidas encontradas na margem de riachos e áreas abertas com solos arenosos, cobertos por gramíneas, ciperáceas, cactáceas, bromeliáceas e arbustos. Esporocarpos foram coletados durante dois anos (19 excursões); madeira em decomposição, folhedo, casca de árvores vivas e fezes de Sylvilagus brasiliensis L. foram coletados e montadas 590 câmaras-úmidas. Dez espécies foram identificadas: Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., A. denudata (L.) Wettst., A. obvellata (Oeder) Onsberg, Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr, H. minor G. Lister, H. serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin & Alexop., Perichaena chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister, P. depressa Lib. e Trichia affinis de Bary. Trichiales foram encontradas em todos os microhabitats, predominando as lignícolas e foliícolas. Três espécies fimícolas foram registradas: A. cinerea, H. minor e M. vesparia. As espécies mais constantes e abundantes foram A. cinerea, A. denudata e H. calyculata, as quais foram encontradas em diferentes altitudes (180-670 m). É fornecida a descrição de cada espécie e sua distribuição geográfica no Brasil. A. denudata, A. obvellata, H. calyculata, P. chrysosperma e T. affinis são novas referências para Sergipe, elevando para 58 o número de espécies de Myxomycetes registradas para esse estado.

Translated abstract

As part of the survey of the myxobiota of Sergipe, the abundance and constancy of the Trichiales found in different microhabitats and altitudes in the Serra de Itabaiana National Park (10º40'52"S and 37º25'15"W; 7,966 ha) were evaluated. Two physiognomic types predominate: humid forests found at the edge of creeks, and open areas with sandy soils, grasses, sedges, cacti, bromeliads and shrubs. Sporocarps were collected over a two-year period (19 field trips); dead wood, litter, bark and dung of Sylvilagus brasiliensis L. were collected for moist-chamber cultures (590). Ten species were identified: Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., A. denudata (L.) Wettst., A. obvellata (Oeder) Onsberg, Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr, H. minor G. Lister, H. serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister, Metatrichia vesparia (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin & Alexop., Perichaena chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister, P. depressa Lib., and Trichia affinis de Bary. Trichiales were present in six microhabitats, and lignicolous and foliicolous species were predominant. Three fimicolous species were recorded: A. cinerea, H. minor and M. vesparia. The most constant and abundant species were A. cinerea, A. denudata, and H. calyculata, which were found at different altitudes (180-670 m). Descriptions are given for each species as well as their geographic distribution in Brazil. A. denudata, A. obvellata, H. calyculata, P. chrysosperma, and T. affinis are new records for Sergipe, raising to 58 the number of Myxomycetes species recorded for this state.

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higher-order phylogeny of plasmodial slime molds (Myxogastria) based on elongation factor 1-A and small subunit rRNA gene sequences.

Anne-Marie Fiore-Donno, Cédric Berney, Jan Pawlowski … (2015)

The Myxogastria are common soil microorganisms with a life cycle comprised of a plasmodial trophic stage and large fruiting bodies generally visible with the unaided eye. Until now, their classification has been based exclusively on a combination of morphological, ultrastructural, and developmental characters. Our study is the first attempt to examine phylogenetic relationships among these taxa using molecular data. Partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA and/or elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequences were obtained from eleven, mostly field-collected species representing the five orders of Myxogastria. Nineteen sequences were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analysis together with 10 sequences available from GenBank. Separate and combined analyses of the two data sets support the division of Myxogastria into three distinct groups. The most basal clade consists of the Echinosteliales, an order considered to have affinities with Protostelia. The three species examined possess unpigmented or slightly pigmented spores. The second group consists of Liceales and Trichiales, taxa characterized by the presence of clear, but pigmented, spores. The third group consists of the two remaining orders, Physarales and Stemonitales, both possessing dark spores. This suggests that spore pigmentation is an evolutionarily conservative character in myxogastrians, and that the simple morphology of echinostelids is not a derived feature.