Eficiência de vestimentas hidrorrepelentes novas na proteção do tratorista em pulverizações de agrotóxicos em goiaba com o turbopulverizador

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Abstract

Os objetivos do trabalho foram: quantificar as exposições dérmicas e respiratórias potenciais proporcionadas ao tratorista em pulverizações de agrotóxicos, na cultura de goiaba, com o turbopulverizador; avaliar a eficiência de duas vestimentas de proteção individual; avaliar a segurança e classificar estas condições de trabalho em seguras ou inseguras para cada agrotóxico considerado. A exposição dérmica potencial proporcionada ao tratorista pela condição de trabalho foi de 3.807,3 mL de calda/7h. A eficiência do conjunto de proteção individual Agro Light foi de 96,7 %, e a do Azeredo, 96,2 %. A exposição dérmica potencial nas regiões do corpo mais expostas do tratorista à pulverização, em ordem decrescente, foram os pés, os braços, as coxas+pernas-frente e o tronco-atrás. A exposição dérmica não-controlada pelos conjuntos de proteção individual foi igualmente distribuída em todas as regiões do corpo do tratorista devido aos controles das exposições dérmicas que proporcionaram às regiões mais expostas do corpo. Foram classificadas como seguras as pulverizações de três dos 17 agrotóxicos considerados e sete com o uso das vestimentas de proteção individual. As demais foram classificadas como inseguras.

Translated abstract

The objectives were to quantify potential dermal and respiratory exposure of the tractor-driver during spraying in guava orchards with the air-assisted sprayer, to evaluate the efficiency of two types of personal protective equipment (PPE), and to classify these working conditions as safe or unsafe for each pesticide studied. The potential dermal exposure of the tractor driver was 3,807.349 mL of spray/6h. The efficiency in the control of dermal exposure was 96.7% for the Agro Light set and 96.2% for the Azeredo set. The feet, arms, thighs front legs and back trunk were the areas most exposed in the absence of protective measures, while exposure was generalized over the body when the PPE was used. The working conditions were considered to be safe in the case of 3 of the 17 pesticides tested in the absence of protective measures, and in the case of 4 additional pesticides when the Agro Light and Azeredo PPE was used, for a total of 7 pesticides.

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Agricultural pesticide exposure data bases for risk assessment

J.J. VAN HEMMEN, J.J. Van HEMMEN, JJ Van Hemmen … (1992)

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Agricultural pesticide exposure data bases for risk assessment.

Klaas van Gisbergen (1991)

For pesticide registration, data on toxicity and on occupational exposure are required. In the smaller countries, such as The Netherlands, only a small number of studies on exposure will be available for a proper risk assessment. Therefore, the primary data have to be obtained mainly from the literature. In this review the exposure data available in the formally published literature and from a few Dutch reports for mixing, loading, and application of pesticides are considered for the development of generic/surrogate data bases with which for a specific case (e.g., a new pesticide) the exposure can be estimated for use in a first step of risk assessment. The general aspects of the determination of exposure to pesticides under field conditions are considered, as well as the published proposals for generic data bases. It is concluded that the development of data bases is possible in principle, although in many cases, depending on the type of technique for mixing/loading and application, not enough data are available. Data bases on re-entry have not been proposed in the literature, although many studies on exposure after reentry have been reported. In view of the fact that in some cases the mixer/loader is not the same person as the applicator and considering the different hygienic approach that may be needed for diminishing exposure during these types of work, data on exposure during mixing and loading and on exposure during application were considered separately whenever possible or reasonable. Since data on exposure may vary considerably in daily agricultural practice and since the data sets are in most cases relatively small and not homogeneous, it is impossible to calculate statistically valid means or percentiles. Therefore, estimates have been made which are called indicative values. For risk assessment such estimates, to be used in a first approximation without further specific knowledge on chemical properties of the pesticide, need to be high percentiles, since all 'normal' situations have to be considered and a high degree of worker protection should be achieved. From the data, indicative 90th percentiles of exposure have been estimated and expressed as amount of formulated product per hour of mixing and loading and expressed in amount of spray liquid per hour application. These 90th percentiles are presented in Table 9. As can be seen from Table 9, for various application techniques no data on exposure were available in the open literature, or the number of published data was considered insufficient to obtain indicative surrogate levels that can be used in registration procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)