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      Enfermedad por hemoglobina H: primer caso de dobles heterocigotos hemoglobina Constant Spring / Sudeste Asiático en Costa Rica Translated title: Hemoglobin H disease: first case of double heterozygous hemoglobin Constant Spring / Southeast Asian in Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Resumen La enfermedad por hemoglobina H es un cuadro clínico que se presenta en las alfa talasemias, las cuales son enfermedades que cursan con anemia microcítica hipocrómica, debidas principalmente a deleciones en el gen de alfaglobina, lo que disminuye la producción de la cadena de alfa globina y promueve la formación de variantes de hemoglobina. Cuando se detectan variantes de hemoglobina en las alfa talasemias, por lo general, se debe a genotipos homocigotas o dobles heterocigotas para mutaciones y deleciones del gen de alfa globina coheredadas. En este artículo se describe el primer caso en Costa Rica, de dos hermanos con enfermedad por hemoglobina H, que fenotípicamente presentaron las variantes de hemoglobina H y hemoglobina Constant Spring en el análisis electroforético de la hemoglobina, y cuyo análisis molecular del gen de alfa globina detectó tanto la deleción sudeste asiático como la mutación para hemoglobina Constant Spring, siendo diagnosticados como dobles heterocigotos por alfa talasemia (genotipo --SEA/ααCS).

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Hemoglobin H disease occurs in patients with alpha thalassemia, diseases associated with hypochromic microcytic anemia, mainly due to deletions in the alpha globin gene, which decreases the production of the alpha globin chain and promotes the formation of hemoglobin variants. When hemoglobin variants are detected in alpha thalassemias it is usually due to homozygoys or doublé heterozygous genotypes, for mutations and deletions of the alpha globin gene. This article describes the first case in Costa Rica of two siblings with hemoglobin H disease, who phenotypically presented the hemoglobin H and Constant Spring hemoglobin variants in the electrophoretic analysis of the hemoglobin, and whose molecular DNA analysis of the alpha globin gene detected both, the Southeast Asian deletion and the mutation for Constant Spring Hemoglobin, being diagnosed as compound heterozygous for alpha thalassemia (genotipe --SEA/ααCS).

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          Hemoglobinas anormales en la población neonatal de Costa Rica

          Se han analizado un total de 70 943 muestras de sangre total en papel filtro S&S 903 de neonatos de Costa Rica (octubre 2005 a Octubre 2006) con el fin de detectar variantes de hemoglobina mediante la técnica de isoelectroenfoque. Se detectaron 891 casos con alguna variante para una frecuencia de 1/79. Se clasifican 5 casos homocigotos para hemoglobina S (anemia drepanocítica o anemia falciforme) y un caso doble heterocigoto para SC. En este estudio se demuestra que las variantes fenotípicas de hemoglobina S como la C, se encuentran distribuidas por todo el país con algunas diferencias locales, razón por la cual es importante que la prevención de nuevos casos se realicé a través de nuestro Programa Nacional de Tamizaje de Hemoglobinas junto con un Programa Nacional interdisciplinario de Educación para el portador del rasgo (AS/AC) como, para el enfermo y su familia; al igual que la instauración de programas dirigidos a médicos generales y enfermeras en todas las regiones de salud del país, para asegurar consejo genético a portadores y enfermos, y a la vez, mejorar los sistemas de tratamiento a los pacientes para reducir la morbi -mortalidad.
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            Clinical Course of Homozygous Hemoglobin Constant Spring in Pediatric Patients.

            Hemoglobin (Hb) Constant Spring is an alpha-globin gene variant due to a mutation of the stop codon resulting in the elongation of the encoded polypeptide from 141 to 172 amino acid residues. Patients with homozygous Hb Constant Spring are usually mildly anemic.
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              Atypical hemoglobin H disease in a Thai patient resulting from a combination of alpha-thalassemia 1 and hemoglobin Constant Spring with hemoglobin J Bangkok heterozygosity.

              A case of hemoglobin H disease in combination with hemoglobin Constant Spring and a beta-globin chain variant is reported in a 3-yr-old Thai girl. On routine cellulose acetate electrophoresis, one abnormal band in addition to the hemoglobins A, A2, H, Bart's and Constant Spring was detected. The amount of this abnormal band movement towards more anodic to the hemoglobin A was 35.7%. DNA analysis of the alpha-globin gene cluster by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed a combination of defects caused by the SEA-type alpha-thalassemia 1 and the alpha-Constant Spring gene. Analysis of beta-globin gene by PCR and DNA sequencing also detected the heterozygosity for the GGC-GAC mutation at codon 56, leading to a substitution of aspartic acid for glycine resulting in the hemoglobin J Bangkok. The hematologic data of this unusual case of hemoglobin H disease are presented and compared with two compound heterozygotes for hemoglobin J Bangkok and alpha-thalassemia 1 found in the patient's father and grandfather. A simple DNA assay based on an allele-specific PCR for rapid diagnosis of the hemoglobin J Bangkok is also described.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                amc
                Acta Médica Costarricense
                Acta méd. costarric
                Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0001-6012
                0001-6002
                March 2020
                : 62
                : 1
                : 38-42
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameLaboratorio de Estudios Especializados e Investigación
                [2] San José orgnameCaja Costarricense de Seguro Social, orgdiv1Hospital Nacional de Niños “Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera” orgdiv2Servicio de Hematología Costa Rica
                Article
                S0001-60022020000100038 S0001-6002(20)06200100038
                82edec34-8306-4a59-ba87-3482138a31ff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 June 2019
                : 17 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Cartas al editor

                hemoglobin H,anemia,hemoglobin,hemoglobina H,talasemia alfa,hemoglobina,thalassemia alfa

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