A comparative study of adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) onto granular activated carbon, ion-exchange polymers and non-ion-exchange polymers
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Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is the latest chemical categorized as persistent
organic pollutants (POPs). PFOS appears in the environmental water and tap water in
ng L(-1) level. The process of adsorption has been identified as an effective technique
to eliminate PFOS in water. Three non-ion-exchange polymers (DowV493, DowL493 and
AmbXAD4), two ion-exchange polymers (DowMarathonA and AmbIRA400) and one granular
activated carbon (GAC) (Filtersorb400) were tested with regard to their sorption kinetics
and isotherms at low PFOS concentrations (100-1000 ng L(-1) equilibrium concentrations).
The sorption capacities at 1 microg L(-1) equilibrium concentration decreased in the
following order: ion-exchange polymers>non-ion-exchange polymers > GAC, but at further
low equilibrium concentration (100 ng L(-1)) non-ion-exchange polymers showed higher
adsorption capacity than other adsorbents. In the case of sorption kinetics, GAC and
ion-exchange polymers reached the equilibrium concentration within 4 h and AmbXAD4
within 10 h. DowV493 and DowL493 took more than 80 h to reach equilibrium concentration.
AmbIRA400 was identified as the best filter material to eliminate PFOS at equilibrium
concentration > 1000 ng L(-1). Considering both adsorption isotherms and adsorption
kinetics, AmbXAD4 and DowMarathonA were recommended to eliminate PFOS at ng L(-1)
equilibrium concentration.