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      Rapid granulation of aerobic granular sludge and maintaining its stability by combining the effects of multi-ionic matrix and bio-carrier in a continuous-flow membrane bioreactor

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          PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT

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            Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the flocculation, sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge.

            Laboratory experiments on the activated sludge (AS) process were carried out to investigate the influence of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), on biomass flocculation, sludge settlement and dewaterability. The heat EPS extraction method was modified to include a mild step and a harsh step for extracting the LB-EPS and TB-EPS, respectively, from the sludge suspension. Six lab-scale AS reactors were used to grow AS with different carbon sources of glucose and sodium acetate, and different sludge retention times (SRTs) of 5, 10 and 20 days. The variation in the bioreactor condition produced sludge with different abundances of EPS and different flocculation and separation characteristics. The sludge that was fed on glucose had more EPS than the sludge that was fed on acetate. For any of the feeding substrates, the sludge had a nearly consistent TB-EPS value regardless of the SRT, and an LB-EPS content that decreased with the SRT. The acetate-fed sludge performed better than the glucose-fed sludge in terms of bioflocculation, sludge sedimentation and compression, and sludge dewaterability. The sludge flocculation and separation improved considerably as the SRT lengthened. The results demonstrate that the LB-EPS had a negative effect on bioflocculation and sludge-water separation. The parameters for the performance of sludge-water separation were much more closely correlated with the amount of LB-EPS than with the amount of TB-EPS. It is argued that although EPS is essential to sludge floc formation, excessive EPS in the form of LB-EPS could weaken cell attachment and the floc structure, resulting in poor bioflocculation, greater cell erosion and retarded sludge-water separation.
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              XPS determination of Mn oxidation states in Mn (hydr)oxides

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Science of The Total Environment
                Science of The Total Environment
                Elsevier BV
                00489697
                March 2022
                March 2022
                : 813
                : 152644
                Article
                10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152644
                34968611
                8400e372-ad5c-493b-925a-b8b0d97750fa
                © 2022

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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