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      The Differential Relationship Between Self-Reported Interoceptive Accuracy and Attention With Psychopathology : A Latent Variable Approach

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Background: Only recently has interoception been discussed as a common risk factor for psychopathology. Recent approaches distinguish between the ability to accurately perceive ( interoceptive accuracy) and the propensity to attend ( interoceptive attention) to internal signals. Objective: To examine the latent structure of self-reported interoceptive accuracy and attention and their relationships to psychopathology. Methods: We used a confirmatory factor analysis to clarify the latent structure of interoceptive accuracy and attention. Structural equation modeling was utilized to determine relationships between both abilities with internalizing and somatoform symptomatology according to the HiTOP model ( Kotov et al., 2017). Data from N = 619 persons from the German general population were analyzed. Results: Interoceptive attention showed significant positive relationships with all psychopathological traits ( r = .221 to r = .377), whereas interoceptive accuracy was negatively associated with internalizing symptomatology ( r = -.106). Conclusion: The present findings indicate that personal beliefs about interoceptive abilities have different influences on psychopathological developments.

          Der unterschiedliche Zusammenhang zwischen selbstberichteter interozeptiver Genauigkeit und Aufmerksamkeit mit Psychopathologie. Ein latentes Variablenmodell

          Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Erst kürzlich wurde Interozeption als ein häufiger Risikofaktor für Psychopathologie diskutiert. Neuere Ansätze unterscheiden zwischen der Fähigkeit zur genauen Wahrnehmung ( interozeptive Genauigkeit ) und der Neigung, auf interne Signale zu achten ( interozeptive Aufmerksamkeit). Fragestellung: Untersuchung der latenten Struktur selbstberichteter interozeptiver Genauigkeit und Aufmerksamkeit und deren Beziehungen zu Psychopathologie. Methode: Zur Klärung der latenten Struktur interozeptiver Genauigkeit und Aufmerksamkeit und ihrer Beziehungen zu internalisierender und somatoformer Symptomatik entstprechend dem HiTOP Modell ( Kotov et al., 2017) wurden konfirmatorische Faktorananalysen und Strukturgleichungsmodelle verwendet. Daten von N = 619 Personen aus der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung wurden analysiert. Ergebnisse: Interozeptive Aufmerksamkeit zeigte signifikante positive latente Zusammenhänge mit allen psychopathologischen Merkmalen ( r = .221 bis r = .377), während interozeptive Genauigkeit negativ mit internalisierender Symptomatik assoziiert war ( r = -.106). Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die persönliche Einschätzung interozeptiver Fähigkeiten unterschiedliche Einflüsse auf psychopathologische Entwicklungen haben.

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          Most cited references54

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          A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

          Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
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            Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.

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              Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection.

              Anxiety, although as common as depression, has received less attention and is often undetected and undertreated. To determine the current prevalence, impairment, and comorbidity of anxiety disorders in primary care and to evaluate a brief measure for detecting these disorders. Criterion-standard study performed between November 2004 and June 2005. 15 U.S. primary care clinics. 965 randomly sampled patients from consecutive clinic patients who completed a self-report questionnaire and agreed to a follow-up telephone interview. 7-item anxiety measure (Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD]-7 scale) in the clinic, followed by a telephone-administered, structured psychiatric interview by a mental health professional who was blinded to the GAD-7 results. Functional status (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-20), depressive and somatic symptoms, and self-reported disability days and physician visits were also assessed. Of the 965 patients, 19.5% (95% CI, 17.0% to 22.1%) had at least 1 anxiety disorder, 8.6% (CI, 6.9% to 10.6%) had posttraumatic stress disorder, 7.6% (CI, 5.9% to 9.4%) had a generalized anxiety disorder, 6.8% (CI, 5.3% to 8.6%) had a panic disorder, and 6.2% (CI, 4.7% to 7.9%) had a social anxiety disorder. Each disorder was associated with substantial impairment that increased significantly (P < 0.001) as the number of anxiety disorders increased. Many patients (41%) with an anxiety disorder reported no current treatment. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both the GAD-7 scale and its 2 core items (GAD-2) performed well (area under the curve, 0.80 to 0.91) as screening tools for all 4 anxiety disorders. The study included a nonrandom sample of selected primary care practices. Anxiety disorders are prevalent, disabling, and often untreated in primary care. A 2-item screening test may enhance detection.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                zkp
                Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                1616-3443
                2190-6297
                30 November 2022
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Media and Sports, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
                Author notes
                Sebastian Brand, Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and, Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Institut, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany, sebbrand@ 123456uni-mainz.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-6326
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2577-7695
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-4222
                Article
                zkp_a000678_-1_1
                10.1026/1616-3443/a000678
                84442a45-17e8-4e1d-8b42-22bdd4ee7e2c
                Distributed as a Hogrefe OpenMind article under the license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)

                Distributed as a Hogrefe OpenMind article under the license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)

                History
                Funding
                Funding: Tara M. Petzke received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 956673. Open access publication enabled by Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.
                Categories
                Special Section: Original Article

                Psychology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                interoceptive attention,interoception,interoceptive accuracy,Strukturgleichungsmodelle,Psychopathologie,interozeptive Aufmerksamkeit,psychopathology,structural equation modeling,Interozeption,interozeptive Genauigkeit

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