Ansiedad y Afrontamiento Cadavérico en Alumnos de Anatomía Translated title: Anxiety and Cadaveric Coping in Anatomy Students

Abstract

RESUMEN: En estudios preliminares describimos la importancia clínica e impacto pedagógico del estudio con material cadavérico (MC) en alumnos de Anatomía y hallamos un significativo uso de sustancias psicoactivas (SP), principalmente recursantes y/o alumnos con actividades laborales. La forma de afrontamiento cadavérico (AfC) es un factor de distrés asociado con síntomas (asco, vómitos, alteraciones del sueño), con uso de SP e interfiere el proceso educativo. El objetivo fue evaluar la ansiedad en alumnos con afrontamiento cadavérico negativo. Estudio observacional y transversal mediante encuesta a 740 alumnos que incluyó: Escala de Ansiedad ante la muerte -EAM-, Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton, preguntas sobre SP y se investigaron términos asociados a conceptos (“material cadavérico”, “pieza anatómica”). En alumnos con “afrontamiento cadavérico negativo” (AfCN) (EAM<15, miedo alto/medio con MC y reacciones físicas) se aplicó la Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton. Se aplicaron parámetros estadísticos, significación p<0,05 y requisitos ético-legales. Objetivamos alta y sostenida prevalencia de alumnos con AfCN, que presentaron mayor puntaje de ansiedad y prevalencia de uso de SP (los ansiolíticos con mayor prevalencia que las sustancias excitatorias); se registró correlación entre cantidad de SP y grado de reacciones negativas (r=0,86). La ansiedad psíquica fue mayor y se asoció con el grado de miedo. Ratificamos alta prevalencia de AfCN que se asoció con mayor nivel de ansiedad y uso de SP, principalmente ansiolíticos. Los síntomas de ansiedad se asociaron con las dimensiones conceptuales registradas y tienen impacto en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Translated abstract

SUMMARY: In preliminary studies we describe the clinical importance and pedagogical impact of the study with cadaverous material (MC) in Anatomy students and we found a significant using of psychoactive substances (SP), mainly repeating students and/or students with work activities. The form of cadaveric coping (AfC) is a factor of distress associated with symptoms (disgust, vomiting, sleep disturbances), with the use of SP and interferes with the educational process. The objective was to evaluate the anxiety in students with negative cadaveric coping. Observational and cross-sectional study by means of a survey of 740 students that included: Anxiety Scale against death -EAM-, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, questions about SP, and terms related to concepts ("cadaverous material", "anatomical piece") were investigated. In students with "negative cadaveric coping" (AfCN) (EAM <15, high / medium fear with CM and physical reactions) the Hamilton Anxiety Scale was applied. Statistical parameters, significance p <0.05 and ethical-legal requirements were applied. We aimed at high and sustained prevalence of students with AfCN, who presented higher scores of anxiety and prevalence of SP use (anxiolytics with higher prevalence than excitatory substances); correlation was recorded between the amount of SP and the degree of negative reactions (r = 0.86). The psychic anxiety was greater and was associated with the degree of fear. We confirmed a high prevalence of AfCN that was associated with a higher level of anxiety and use of SP, mainly anxiolytics. The symptoms of anxiety were associated with the registered conceptual dimensions and have an impact on the teachinglearning process.