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      Terapia endoscópica con argón plasma para tumores neuroendocrinos gástricos tipo I Translated title: Endoscopic argon plasma therapy for neuroendocrine type I gastric tumors

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes y objetivo: los datos con respecto a los carcinoides gástricos tipo I y su evolución en series prospectivas son escasos; por lo tanto, el tratamiento y el seguimiento no se han establecido unánimemente. Nuestro propósito es describir la aplicación de la coagulación por argón plasma (APC) para lograr la erradicación de múltiples carcinoides gástricos tipo I y observar el comportamiento en el tiempo después de la terapia. Métodos: durante un periodo de 7 años (julio 2005 - junio 2012) en dos centros de tercer nivel, 14 paciente fueron intervenidos por endoscopia al presentar tumores neuroendocrinos gástricos. Se les aplicó argón plasma para erradicar la presencia de múltiples carcinoides gástricos. Inmediatamente fueron sometidos a un programa de seguimiento endoscópico. Resultados: ninguno de los pacientes acusaba síntomas o signos específicos relacionados con la presencia de una gastritis crónica atrófica y el diagnóstico fue siempre un hallazgo incidental a la endoscopia. La biopsia endoscópica previa a la intervención mostró que los pólipos eran tumores neuroendocrinos tipo I intramucosos. La mediana del diámetro fue de 3,8 mm (rango 2-10 mm), la atrofia severa asociada estaba presente en siete casos (50%), mientras una atrofia multifocal se encontró en el 29%. El Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) se encontró en siete pacientes (50%). Durante un seguimiento promedio de 46 meses (intervalo de 17 a 84 meses) la sobrevida fue del 100% y la recurrencia estuvo presente en 10 pacientes (71%), sin embargo en todos ellos se erradicaron las lesiones. Enfermedades autoinmunes, gastrina, cromogranina A, índice de mitosis, y Ki 67 fueron evaluadas. No se presentaron complicaciones tipo sangrado o perforación. Conclusiones: la erradicación endoscópica completa con argón plasma de los tumores neuroendocrinos gástricos tipo I, es segura y sencilla.

          Translated abstract

          Background and Purpose: Since data regarding type I gastric carcinoid tumors and their evolution in prospective studies are scarce, unanimity has not been reached regarding treatment and follow-up. Our purpose is to describe the use of argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the eradication of multiple type I gastric carcinoid tumors and to observe behavior over time following treatment. Methods: Over a period of seven years from July 2005 to June 2012, fourteen patients with neuroendocrine gastric tumors were treated endoscopically at two tertiary medical centers. Argon plasma was applied to eradicate multiple gastric carcinoid tumors. Then, patients underwent follow-up endoscopic examinations. Results: None of the patients presented specific symptoms or signs related to the presence of chronic atrophic gastritis, and all diagnoses were incidental findings during endoscopy. Biopsies obtained endoscopically prior to intervention showed polyps that were type I intramucosal neuroendocrine tumors. The median diameter was 3.8 mm, with a range from 2mm to 10mm. Seven cases (50%) were associated severe atrophy while multifocal atrophy was found in 29% of the cases. H. pylori were found in seven patients (50%) during an average follow-up of 46 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 17 to 84 months. Patient survival was 100%. Even though ten patients (71%) suffered recurrences, all lesions were eradicated. Gastrin, chromogranin A, mitotic index, and Ki 67 were all evaluated, and patients were also tested for autoimmune diseases. No bleeding or perforations occurred during procedures. Conclusions: The use of endoscopic argon plasma to completely eradicate type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors is safe and easy.

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          Most cited references43

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          Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994.

          The Sydney System for the classification of gastritis emphasized the importance of combining topographical, morphological, and etiological information into a schema that would help to generate reproducible and clinically useful diagnoses. To reappraise the Sydney System 4 years after its introduction, a group of gastrointestinal pathologists from various parts of the world met in Houston, Texas, in September 1994. The aims of the workshop were (a) to establish an agreed terminology of gastritis; (b) to identify, define, and attempt to resolve some of the problems associated with the Sydney System. This article introduces the Sydney System as it was revised at the Houston Gastritis Workshop and represents the consensus of the participants. Overall, the principles and grading of the Sydney System were only slightly modified, the grading being aided by the provision of a visual analogue scale. The terminology of the final classification has been improved to emphasize the distinction between the atrophic and nonatrophic stomach; the names used for each entity were selected because they are generally acceptable to both pathologists and gastroenterologists. In addition to the main categories and atrophic and nonatrophic gastritis, the special or distinctive forms are described and their respective diagnostic criteria are provided. The article includes practical guidelines for optimal biopsy sampling of the stomach, for the use of the visual analogue scales for grading the histopathologic features, and for the formulation of a comprehensive standardized diagnosis. A glossary of gastritis-related terms as used in this article is provided.
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            Gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands.

            A cascade of precursor lesions (eg, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) precedes most gastric adenocarcinomas. Quantification of gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions is unclear, however. Consequently, endoscopic surveillance is controversial, especially in Western populations. To analyze current surveillance practice and gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions, all patients with a first diagnosis between 1991 and 2004 were identified in the Dutch nationwide histopathology registry (PALGA); follow-up data were evaluated until December 2005. In total, 22,365 (24%) patients were diagnosed with atrophic gastritis, 61,707 (67%) with intestinal metaplasia, 7616 (8%) with mild-to-moderate dysplasia, and 562 (0.6%) with severe dysplasia. Patients with a diagnosis of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, or mild-to-moderate dysplasia received re-evaluation in 26%, 28%, and 38% of cases, respectively, compared with 61% after a diagnosis of severe dysplasia (P < .001). The annual incidence of gastric cancer was 0.1% for patients with atrophic gastritis, 0.25% for intestinal metaplasia, 0.6% for mild-to-moderate dysplasia, and 6% for severe dysplasia within 5 years after diagnosis. Risk factors for gastric cancer development were increasing severity of premalignant gastric lesions at initial diagnosis (eg, severe dysplasia, hazard ratio 40.14, 95% confidence interval 32.2-50.1), increased age (eg, 75-84 years, hazard ratio 3.75, 95% confidence interval 2.8-5.1), and male gender (hazard ratio 1.50, 95% CI 1.3-1.7). Patients with premalignant gastric lesions are at considerable risk of gastric cancer. As current surveillance of these patients is inconsistent with their cancer risk, development of guidelines is indicated.
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              Gastric carcinoids: biologic behavior and prognosis after differentiated treatment in relation to type.

              To analyze tumor biology and the outcome of differentiated treatment in relation to tumor subtype in patients with gastric carcinoid. Gastric carcinoids may be subdivided into ECL cell carcinoids (type 1 associated with atrophic gastritis, type 2 associated with gastrinoma, type 3 without predisposing conditions) and miscellaneous types (type 4). The biologic behavior and prognosis vary considerably in relation to type. A total of 65 patients from 24 hospitals (51 type 1, 1 type 2, 4 type 3, and 9 type 4) were included. Management recommendations were issued for newly diagnosed cases, that is, endoscopic or surgical treatment of type 1 and 2 carcinoids (including antrectomy to abolish hypergastrinemia) and radical resection for type 3 and 4 carcinoids. Infiltration beyond the submucosa occurred in 9 of 51 type 1, 4 of 4 type 3, and 7 of 9 type 4 carcinoids. Metastases occurred in 4 of 51 type 1 (3 regional lymph nodes, 1 liver), the single type 2 (regional lymph nodes), 3 of 4 type 3 (all liver), and 7 of 9 type 4 carcinoids (all liver). Of the patients with type 1 carcinoid, 3 had no specific treatment, 40 were treated with endoscopic or surgical excision (in 10 cases combined with antrectomy), 7 underwent total gastrectomy, and 1 underwent proximal gastric resection. Radical tumor removal was not possible in 2 of 4 patients with type 3 and 7 of 9 patients with type 4 carcinoid. Five- and 10-year crude survival rates were 96.1% and 73.9% for type 1 (not different from the general population), but only 33.3% and 22.2% for type 4 carcinoids. Subtyping of gastric carcinoids is helpful in the prediction of malignant potential and long-term survival and is a guide to management. Long-term survival did not differ from that of the general population regarding type 1 carcinoids but was poor regarding type 4 carcinoids.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcg
                Revista colombiana de Gastroenterología
                Rev. colomb. Gastroenterol.
                Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología (Bogotá, , Colombia )
                0120-9957
                2500-7440
                March 2014
                : 29
                : 1
                : 26-34
                Affiliations
                [01] Medellín orgnameGrupo antioqueño para el estudio de los tumores neuroendocrinos y GIST (GAE NET - GIST) Colombia
                Article
                S0120-99572014000100005 S0120-9957(14)02900105
                8739b81f-1faa-41b1-bbb7-33dd7142f5f1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 December 2013
                : 12 August 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Tumores neuroendocrinos gástricos tipo I,endoscopia,argón plasma,Type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors,endoscopy,argon plasma

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