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      Serological Survey of the Influenza a Virus in Polish Farrow-to-finish Pig Herds in 2011–2015

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of swine influenza A virus (SIV) in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds.

          Material and Methods

          Serum samples collected from 5,952 pigs, from 145 farrow-to-finish herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against H1N1, H1N1pdm09, H1N2, and H3N2 SIV subtypes using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples with HI titres equal or higher than 20 were considered positive.

          Results

          HI antibodies to at least one of the analysed SIV subtypes were detected in 129 (89%) herds and in 2,263 (38%) serum samples. Antibodies to multiple SIV subtypes were detected in 104 (71.7%) herds and in 996 (16.7%) serum samples. Concerning the seroprevalence rate, according to age category, the highest prevalence of the antibodies was detected in weaners, with regard to the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, and in sows, with regard to the H1N1pdm09. The lowest seroprevalence for all evaluated SIV subtypes was detected in finishers.

          Conclusion

          The study indicates that antibodies against single and multiple SIV subtypes are circulating in Polish farrow-to-finish herds and highlights the importance of conducting a molecular surveillance programme in future studies.

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          Infectious agents associated with respiratory diseases in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds: a cross-sectional study.

          C Fablet, C Marois-Créhan, G. Simon … (2012)
          A study was carried out in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds to assess the relationships between pathogens involved in respiratory disorders and to relate these findings to clinical signs of respiratory diseases and pneumonia and pleuritis at slaughter. Clinical examination and sampling were carried out on four different batches in each herd (pigs aged 4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks). Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine influenza viruses (SIV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were detected by serological or PCR tests. Pneumonia-like gross lesions and pleuritis were scored at the slaughterhouse. The results indicate that the percentage of pigs PCR-positive for PCV2 at 4, 10 and 16 weeks old was associated with the percentage of pigs PCR-positive for M. hyopneumoniae at these ages. On the other hand, the percentage of pigs with antibodies against PRRSV at 10, 16 and 22 weeks was positively correlated with the percentage of pigs seropositive for M. hyopneumoniae at 22 weeks, with the percentage of pigs with antibodies against SIV H1N1 and SIV H1N2 and the percentage of pigs sero-positive for A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. The findings also indicate that, within the five studied pathogens, M. hyopneumoniae, PRRSV and SIV H1N1 are the major pathogens involved in pneumonia-like gross lesions even though PCV2 may play a role. A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, in association with PRRSV, is significantly associated with extensive pleuritis. Respiratory diseases could be significantly reduced by implementing measures including appropriate management practices to control these pathogens. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Survey of pleuritis and pulmonary lesions in pigs at abattoir with a focus on the extent of the condition and herd risk factors.

            G Merialdi, M Dottori, P Bonilauri … (2012)
            Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (enzootic pneumonia-like lesions) and chronic pleuritis (CP) are common findings in slaughtered pigs. Pleural lesions involving dorsocaudal lobes are suggestive of pleuropneumonia due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In this report the results of an abattoir survey of pleuritis and pulmonary lesions in pigs is presented with a focus on herd risk factors. A total of 4889 animals, ranging in age from 9 to 10 months, from 48 batches of pigs belonging to an equal number of herds, were included in the study. Bronchopneumonic lesions suggestive of enzootic pneumonia (EP-like lesions) were detected in 46.4% of the examined lungs. The EP-like lesion average value for all lungs was 1.03 (95% CI 0.98-1.08), ranging from 0.17 to 2.56 among the 48 batches; 47.5% of lungs showed chronic pleuritis. Dorsocaudal pleuritis suggestive of recovered pleuropneumonia (SPES score ≥2) was found in 25.1% of the lungs. The mean SPES (slaughterhouse pleuritis evaluation system) value of the overall 4889 lungs was 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.86). The mean SPES value of the batches ranged from 0.04 to 1.87. The mean Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae index of all studied batches was 0.61 (95% CI 0.51-0.71), ranging from 0 to 1.84. Blood samples were collected from each herd to evaluate antibody titres to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae, Aujeszky's disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and swine influenza virus. Herd characteristics were recorded using a questionnaire given to the farmers. A multivariable analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for pleuritis and EP-like lesions. High dorsocaudal pleuritis was associated with A. pleuropneumoniae seroprevalence and history of A. pleuropneumoniae isolation from pneumonic lungs of dead animals. Vaccination of weaners at 3-5 weeks of age against PRRS using a modified live vaccine was associated with a reduction in the percentage of cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (EP-like lesions). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              A cross-sectional study of risk factors associated with pulmonary lesions in pigs at slaughter.

              Tom Meyns, Jan Van Steelant, Emily Rolly … (2011)
              A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify herd-level factors that may influence the prevalence and severity of macroscopically visible pulmonary lesions in pigs at slaughter. Data were collected following abattoir inspection of 50 randomly-selected batches of 6335 pigs and by interviewing the producers. Macroscopic lung lesions were identified and scored semi-quantitatively in ≥ 80 pigs/herd and the prevalence of pleuritis and pneumonia was 20.76% and 23.85%, respectively. Following multivariable analysis, the seroprevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (P < 0.001) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (P = 0.018) and the number of pigs/nursery pen (P = 0.023) were positively associated, whereas average weaning age was negatively associated (P = 0.001) with the pleuritis score. Risk factors associated with a higher prevalence of pneumonia were the presence of pleuritis (P = 0.001) and the frequent purchasing of pigs (P = 0.020). The findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of pleuritis and pneumonia remains high in Belgium and management factors are central to disease control. Copyright © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Vet Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jvetres
                Journal ID (pmc): jvetres
                Title: Journal of Veterinary Research
                Publisher: De Gruyter Open
                ISSN (Print): 2450-7393
                ISSN (Electronic): 2450-8608
                Publication date Collection: June 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 December 2017
                Volume: 61
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 157-161
                Affiliations
                deptDepartment of Swine Diseases , universityNational Veterinary Research Institute , 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: jvetres-2017-0020
                DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0020
                PMC ID: 5894397
                SO-VID: 88af45e7-fe20-4276-9088-6d57fd3ab73f
                Copyright © © 2017 E. Czyżewska-Dors et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license

                History
                Date received : 9 February 2017
                Date accepted : 12 May 2017
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: pigs,influenza virus,seroprevalence,co-seropositivity,poland
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pigs, influenza virus, seroprevalence, co-seropositivity, poland

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