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      Local contribution to the somatosensory evoked potentials in rat’s thalamus

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          Abstract

          Local Field Potential (LFP), despite its name, often reflects remote activity. Depending on the orientation and synchrony of their sources, both oscillations and more complex waves may passively spread in brain tissue over long distances and be falsely interpreted as local activity at such distant recording sites. Here we show that the whisker-evoked potentials in the thalamic nuclei are of local origin up to around 6 ms post stimulus, but the later (7–15 ms) wave is overshadowed by a negative component reaching from cortex. This component can be analytically removed and local thalamic LFP can be recovered reliably using Current Source Density analysis. We used model-based kernel CSD (kCSD) method which allowed us to study the contribution of local and distant currents to LFP from rat thalamic nuclei and barrel cortex recorded with multiple, non-linear and non-regular multichannel probes. Importantly, we verified that concurrent recordings from the cortex are not essential for reliable thalamic CSD estimation. The proposed framework can be used to analyze LFP from other brain areas and has consequences for general LFP interpretation and analysis.

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          Most cited references79

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          SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python

          SciPy is an open-source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. Since its initial release in 2001, SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in Python, with over 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories and millions of downloads per year. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of SciPy 1.0 and highlight some recent technical developments.
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            Array programming with NumPy

            Array programming provides a powerful, compact and expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating and operating on data in vectors, matrices and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It has an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, materials science, engineering, finance and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves 1 and in the first imaging of a black hole 2 . Here we review how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring and analysing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the scientific Python ecosystem is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Owing to its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly acts as an interoperability layer between such array computation libraries and, together with its application programming interface (API), provides a flexible framework to support the next decade of scientific and industrial analysis.
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              The origin of extracellular fields and currents--EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes.

              Neuronal activity in the brain gives rise to transmembrane currents that can be measured in the extracellular medium. Although the major contributor of the extracellular signal is the synaptic transmembrane current, other sources--including Na(+) and Ca(2+) spikes, ionic fluxes through voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and intrinsic membrane oscillations--can substantially shape the extracellular field. High-density recordings of field activity in animals and subdural grid recordings in humans, combined with recently developed data processing tools and computational modelling, can provide insight into the cooperative behaviour of neurons, their average synaptic input and their spiking output, and can increase our understanding of how these processes contribute to the extracellular signal.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ResourcesRole: Software
                Role: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2024
                9 April 2024
                : 19
                : 4
                : e0301713
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
                [2 ] Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
                [3 ] AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
                [4 ] Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
                Georgia State University, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                [¤a]

                Current address: Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Mind, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BrainCity), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

                [¤b]

                Current address: NeuroElectronics Research Flanders (imec, KU Leuven & VIB), Leuven, Belgium

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0812-9872
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-9707
                Article
                PONE-D-23-38949
                10.1371/journal.pone.0301713
                11003638
                38593141
                88b6f61c-ef2a-4a15-90f0-307a89177dc5
                © 2024 Średniawa et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 24 November 2023
                : 19 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 0, Pages: 23
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281, Narodowe Centrum Nauki;
                Award ID: 2013/08/W/NZ4/00691
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281, Narodowe Centrum Nauki;
                Award ID: 2013/08/W/NZ4/00691
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004281, Narodowe Centrum Nauki;
                Award ID: 2013/08/W/NZ4/00691
                Award Recipient :
                The study (DW, PH, EK) received funding from the Polish National Science Centre (NCN, https://ncn.gov.pl/en) grant No 2013/08/W/NZ4/00691. The funding body has not participated at any stage in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Brain
                Thalamus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Brain
                Thalamus
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Electrochemistry
                Electrode Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Electrophysiology
                Membrane Potential
                Action Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Electrophysiology
                Neurophysiology
                Action Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Neurophysiology
                Action Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Electrophysiology
                Membrane Potential
                Evoked Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Electrophysiology
                Neurophysiology
                Evoked Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Neurophysiology
                Evoked Potentials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Animal Anatomy
                Vibrissae
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Animal Anatomy
                Vibrissae
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animal Anatomy
                Vibrissae
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animal Physiology
                Vibrissae
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Bioassays and Physiological Analysis
                Electrophysiological Techniques
                Membrane Electrophysiology
                Electrode Recording
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Brain
                Thalamus
                Thalamic Nuclei
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Brain
                Thalamus
                Thalamic Nuclei
                Engineering and Technology
                Energy and Power
                Power Distribution
                Power Grids
                Custom metadata
                All scripts used to preprocess and analyze data, to generate the figures from this article, as well as preprocessed data, are available in a GitHub repository ( https://github.com/wsredniawa/LFPReconstruction).

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