Elevated Ki-67 (MIB-1) expression as an independent predictor for unfavorable pathologic outcomes and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer: A propensity score matched study

Abstract

Background

Ki-67 is known to be useful in estimating the fraction of proliferation tumor cells in various malignancies. We tried to investigate clinical association of Ki-67 (MIB-1) expression with the oncological outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) after the radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1,561 patients who underwent RP for localized PCa. According to the propensity score having Ki-67 expression, 183 patients with positive Ki-67 expression were matched to 549 patients without Ki-67 expression. By using multivariate Cox-proportional hazards models and logistic regression tests, the prognostic value of each variable was tested.

Results

After propensity score matching, positive Ki-67 group showed significant worse clinical characteristics and pathologic outcomes than negative Ki-67 group. The multivariate analysis showed that the Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with several adverse pathologic outcomes including higher pathologic stage (p = 0.006), higher grade group (p = 0.005), seminal vesicle invasion (p = 0.036), and positive surgical margin (p = 0.025). The group with Ki-67 expression showed significant worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (p<0.001) than negative Ki-67 group. Subsequent multivariate Cox analyses showed that Ki-67 was independent predictor for BCR after RP (HR 1.549, 95% CI 1.187–2.021, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

In our study, high Ki-67 expression was significantly related with adverse pathological and finally with worse biochemical recurrence-free survival. Further studies are needed to validate the prognostic value of Ki-67 more exactly in PCa patients.