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      Influência da presença do bezerro no momento da ordenha sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu Translated title: Effect of calf presence during milking on reproductive performance of Holstein x Zebu crossbred cows

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          Abstract

          Avaliou-se a influência da presença do bezerro no momento da ordenha sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos de 75 vacas primíparas e multíparas mestiças Holandês-Zebu, divididas em três grupos experimentais: GI - vacas ordenhadas sem a presença do bezerro; GII - vacas ordenhadas com a presença momentânea dos bezerros, sendo estes retirados da sala de ordenha logo após a descida do leite; e GIII - vacas ordenhadas com a presença constante dos bezerros, sendo estes amarrados ao lado da vaca durante toda a ordenha. O escore médio da condição corporal ao parto foi de 3,1. O período de serviço, dias para o retorno ao cio e as taxas de manifestação de cio e gestação até os 120 dias pós-parto não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelo tipo de manejo de ordenha.

          Translated abstract

          This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of calf presence in the milking parlour on the reproductive performance of seventy five crossbred (Holstein × Zebu) cows randomly allocated into three groups: group I - cows milked without the calf presence; group II - cows mantained with their calves during short period of time before milking to promote milk ejection and thereafter the calves were put out the milking room until the cows had finished milking; and group III - cows mantained with the calf during milking. The average body condition score at calving was 3.1. The service period, number of days to return to estrous and estrous and pregnant rates until 120 day postpartum were not influenced (P>0.05) by milking management of cows. The calf presence in the milking parlour did not influence the reproductive performance of Holandês-Zebu crossbred cows.

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          Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle.

          Increased capability for milk production has been associated with a decline in fertility of lactating cows. Nutritional requirements increase rapidly with milk production after calving and result in negative energy balance (NEBAL). NEBAL delays the time of first ovulation through inhibition of LH pulse frequency and low levels of blood glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) that collectively restrain estrogen production by dominant follicles. Up-regulation of LH pulses and peripheral IGF-I in association with the NEBAL nadir facilitates ovulation. NEBAL reduces serum progesterone concentrations and fertility. Diets high in crude protein support high milk yield, but are also associated with lower reproductive performance. High protein can result in elevated plasma urea concentrations that affect the uterine environment and fertility. Nutritional interactions resulting in poor fertility of high producing dairy cows include the antecedent effects of NEBAL and effects of high dietary protein.
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            Nutrition and postpartum rebreeding in cattle.

            R D Randel (1990)
            Body weight and condition score, although perhaps imprecise or subjective, are functional indicators of energy status and rebreeding performance after calving. Inadequate precalving and(or) postcalving energy or protein nutrition lowers pregnancy rates as well as first-service conception rates and extends postpartum intervals in suckled postpartum beef females. Normal nutritional regimens for dairy cows that are fed for maximal lactation do not exhibit long postpartum intervals or reduced fertility. Yet excessive protein intake may depress postpartum rebreeding performance, especially in older dairy cows. Feeding of ionophores, with increased ruminal propionate levels in the rumen, results in an earlier return to estrus postpartum. Underfeeding of the postpartum cow extends the period of ovarian inactivity. The underfed postpartum cow's lack of ovarian activity appears to be due to a suppression of the pulsatile release of LH from the anterior pituitary gland, which in turn is controlled by release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Some metabolic compound(s) presumably act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis as the nutritional state of the animal is altered.
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              Evidence for maternal behavior as a requisite link in suckling-mediated anovulation in cows.

              Some component of the suckling process inhibits LH secretion and delays postpartum ovulation in beef cows. To investigate a possible role for maternal behavior in suckling-mediated anovulation, 27 crossbred beef cows were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 groups: 1) alien (dam suckled by alien calf; n = 11); 2) own (dam suckled by own calf; n = 8); and 3) weaned (calf removed for 6 days; n = 8). Beginning 14-17 days after parturition (experimental Day 0), cows were control suckled (10 min every 6 h) in stanchions for 6 days by either their own calf or by an alien calf or were weaned. Mean LH pulse frequencies in the alien and weaned groups were similar but were elevated (p < 0.02) on experimental Days 2 and 4 compared to those in the own group. The incidence of luteal activity by experimental Day 10 was greater (p < 0.01) for the alien (72.2%) and weaned groups (75.0%) than for the own group (12.5%). Frequency of oxytocin release following suckling was greater (p < 0.01) in the own group than in the alien group (Day 2: 100% vs. 36.4%; Day 4: 100% vs. 54.6%), whereas suckling-induced release of prolactin was similar for both groups. Data provide evidence that the mother-offspring bond is an important link in suckling-mediated inhibition of LH secretion and ovulation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte )
                1678-4162
                August 2006
                : 58
                : 4
                : 530-536
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                [3 ] Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                Article
                S0102-09352006000400013
                10.1590/S0102-09352006000400013
                89566379-626f-4ed0-920a-251655976c8a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-0935&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                cow,calf presence,service period,crossbred,vaca,presença da cria,período de serviço

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