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      Filogenia del género Psilaspilates (Butler 1893) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) con la descripción de una nueva especie del bosque relicto Fray Jorge, Chile Translated title: Phylogeny of the genus Psilaspilates (Butler 1893) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and description of a new species for Fray Jorge relict forest, Chile

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          Abstract

          Se describe una nueva especie de Psilaspilates Butler 1893, P septentrionalis Parra sp. nov., proveniente del bosque relicto costero de Aextoxicon punctatum R. et R (olivillo) del Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Región de Coquimbo, Chile. Las especies previamente reconocidas del género se distribuyen en la zona centro-sur de Chile, así P. septentrionalis sp. nov. es la única con distribución en el Norte Chico de Chile. Posteriormente, se infiere la filogenia del género Psilaspilates usando dos aproximaciones filogenéticas: criterio de parsimonia e inferencia Bayesiana. Las especies hermanas de la nueva especie, P. concepcionensis y P stygiana, se distribuyen en la zona centro-sur de Chile, en bosques costeros donde el olivillo también está presente. Planteamos que el ancestro del cual derivan estas especies tuvo una amplia distribución asociada a los bosques costeros de olivillo, y que en el Ultimo Máximo Glacial se produjo el aislamiento de sus poblaciones y posterior especiación.

          Translated abstract

          A new species oí Psilaspilates Butler 1893, P. septentrionalis Parra sp. nov, from the relict coastal forest oí Aextoxicon punctatum R. et P (olivillo) from the Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Región de Coquimbo, Chile, is described. Previously kwon species of Psilaspilates distribute in the central-south of Chile; therefore, P. septentrionalis sp. nov. is the only species distributed in the northern Chile. Subsequently, the phylogeny oí Psilaspilates was inferred using two approximations, máximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The sister species of the new species, P. concepcionensis y P stygiana, distribute in central-southern Chile, in coastal forest where olivillo is also present. We suggest that the ancestor of these three species was widely distributed in coastal olivillo forest, and that during the Last Glacial Máximum its populations become isolated and speciation occurs.

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          Most cited references28

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          Confidence Limits on Phylogenies: An Approach Using the Bootstrap

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            A phylogenetic mixture model for detecting pattern-heterogeneity in gene sequence or character-state data.

            We describe a general likelihood-based 'mixture model' for inferring phylogenetic trees from gene-sequence or other character-state data. The model accommodates cases in which different sites in the alignment evolve in qualitatively distinct ways, but does not require prior knowledge of these patterns or partitioning of the data. We call this qualitative variability in the pattern of evolution across sites "pattern-heterogeneity" to distinguish it from both a homogenous process of evolution and from one characterized principally by differences in rates of evolution. We present studies to show that the model correctly retrieves the signals of pattern-heterogeneity from simulated gene-sequence data, and we apply the method to protein-coding genes and to a ribosomal 12S data set. The mixture model outperforms conventional partitioning in both these data sets. We implement the mixture model such that it can simultaneously detect rate- and pattern-heterogeneity. The model simplifies to a homogeneous model or a rate-variability model as special cases, and therefore always performs at least as well as these two approaches, and often considerably improves upon them. We make the model available within a Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo framework for phylogenetic inference, as an easy-to-use computer program.
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              Empirical and hierarchical Bayesian estimation of ancestral states.

              Several methods have been proposed to infer the states at the ancestral nodes on a phylogeny. These methods assume a specific tree and set of branch lengths when estimating the ancestral character state. Inferences of the ancestral states, then, are conditioned on the tree and branch lengths being true. We develop a hierarchical Bayes method for inferring the ancestral states on a tree. The method integrates over uncertainty in the tree, branch lengths, and substitution model parameters by using Markov chain Monte Carlo. We compare the hierarchical Bayes inferences of ancestral states with inferences of ancestral states made under the assumption that a specific tree is correct. We find that the methods are correlated, but that accommodating uncertainty in parameters of the phylogenetic model can make inferences of ancestral states even more uncertain than they would be in an empirical Bayes analysis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gayana
                Gayana (Concepción)
                Gayana (Concepc.)
                Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción (Concepción, , Chile )
                0717-652X
                0717-6538
                2010
                : 74
                : 2
                : 94-101
                Affiliations
                [01] Concepción orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Departamento de Zoología Chile luparra@ 123456udec.cl
                [02] Santiago orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología Chile
                Article
                S0717-65382010000200003 S0717-6538(10)07400203
                10.4067/S0717-65382010000200003
                8a5ee04f-70f1-4108-8457-aceaf8fc8504

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 August 2009
                : 11 November 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Ambiente Terrestre

                Ennominae,Lithinini,Psilaspilates septentrionalis Parra sp. nov,fragmentation,speciation,fragmentación,especiación

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