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      Cuidados de enfermería basados en evidencia y modelo de Betty Neuman, para controlar estresores del entorno que pueden ocasionar delirium en unidad de cuidados intensivos Translated title: Evidence -and Betty Neuman's model- based nursing care to prevent deilrium in the intensive care unit

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes: El Delirium es una alteración del estado de conciencia, frecuente en las unidades de cuidado intensivo. En la UCI adultos del Hospital Universitario de Neiva se tiene una incidencia del 28%, esto aumenta la morbimortalidad; sin embargo es prevenible y requiere intervención. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los cuidados aplicados, según la Guía de enfermería elaborada con evidencia y en base al Modelo de Betty Neuman, para controlar estresores del entorno que pueden ocasionar Delirium, en pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos adulto. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, pre-experimental, donde se aplicó la Guía de cuidados de enfermería a 49 pacientes. Se utilizó el diseño de preprueba y postprueba para conocer la percepción que tenían los pacientes de los estresores del entorno. Resultados: Los cuidados aplicados según la Guía propuesta, fueron efectivos, ya que previnieron el delirium en el 94% de los pacientes, sólo tres presentaron el evento, representando una incidencia acumulada de 6.12 casos X 100 pacientes intervenidos (IC 95%: 1.67-16.1), evidenciado en la curva de Kaplan-Meier. La prueba de hipótesis de proporciones (Z0.05= -1.65) indica que la presencia de delirium es significativamente menor a la de 2011 (28%). Conclusiones: Los cuidados aplicados según la Guía propuesta, lograron prevenir la aparición de delirium en 94% de los pacientes a pesar de sus antecedentes de factores de riesgo desencadenantes de delirium. De tal forma que, al minimizar la presencia de estresores del entorno, se favorece un ambiente creado agradable y familiar, y se constituye en un cuidado de enfermería fundamental para la prevención de delirium en UCI.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Delirium is a fluctuating disturbance in consciousness that is highly prevalent in the intensive care unit. The adult ICU of the Hospital Universitario de Neiva shows an incidence of 28% of delirium patients, this increases morbidity and mortality rates among critical ones; nonetheless, this can be prevented if intervention occurs. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of To determine the effectiveness of care applied, according to guide nursing care nursing care to prevent delirium in patients, who were hospitalized in the adult intensive care unit, the patients were exposed to environmental stressors. Methodology: A quantitative, prospective and pre-experimental study was carried out to 49 patients who received assessment with the help of a nursing care guide. Besides the guide, a pretest and a posttest were carried out to evaluate the patients' perception on environmental stressors. Results: Three out of the 49 patients experienced delirium; this represents a cumulative incidence of 6.12 delirium cases x 100 patients (CI 95%: 1.67-16.1), evident with the Kaplan-Merier curve. Based on the proportion hypothesis testing (Z 0.05 = -1.65) and in contrast to previous results where the incidence of delirium was of 28%, the statistical evidence suffices to demonstrate that the presence of the syndrome is much less frequent in patients to whom the nursing care guide. Conclusions: The guide prevented the occurrence of delirium in 94% of the patients, regardless of their deliriogenic history, by controlling the continuous noise and artificial light. This is why, minimizing environmental stressors, which results in a more pleasant environment, is a fundamental part of nursing care for the prevention of such a syndrome.

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          ENFERMERÍA BASADA EN EVIDENCIA: BARRERAS Y ESTRATEGIAS PARA SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN

          El artículo presenta la Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia, incluyendo sus inicios a partir de la medicina basada en la evidencia y el intento de las enfermeras dedicadas a encontrar una definición adecuada a nuestra disciplina. Posteriormente se realiza una revisión de las etapas para la implementación de la evidencia científica y cómo éstas se han distanciado del modelo biomédico imperante durante sus inicios. Por último se analizan las barreras y las estrategias relacionadas con su implementación en la práctica de enfermería
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            Sound intensity and noise evaluation in a critical care unit.

            Sound levels in intensive care units can be high. Unfortunately, high levels of sound tend to result in poor sleep quality, which leads to slower healing, poorer immune response, and decreased cognitive function.
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              Psycho-affective disorder in intensive care units: a review.

              This paper reviews the literature related to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Syndrome. The intention of the paper is to explore the range of psychotic and affective phenomena that may be observed in practice, together with the management of contributory stressors. Patients experience a range of psycho-affective disturbances that may be triggered by drugs, the environment, dehumanizing practices and sleep deprivation. Symptoms do not always disappear following discharge and further research is required to determine the long-term psychological effects of an ICU. Comprehensive assessment of the patient's psychological state, using an appropriate tool, is necessary and should form an integral part of ongoing care. Interventions identified include eradication of dehumanizing behaviour, modification of environmental stimuli, effective communication and therapeutic touch. Where possible, communication needs should be addressed prior to admission, and patients and their families prepared for the unfamiliar world of the ICU.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                January 2016
                : 15
                : 41
                : 49-63
                Affiliations
                [03] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad de la Sabana
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Surcolombiana
                [04] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad del Bosque Colombia
                [02] Neiva orgnameHospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo orgdiv1Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
                Article
                S1695-61412016000100004
                8ac0b2a4-b02b-417d-a14c-f1c8489894a2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 October 2014
                : 16 January 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Cuidados de Enfermería,Prevención del delirium,Cuidados basados en evidencia,Modelo de Betty Neuman,Delirium,Nursing Care,Prevention of delirium,evidence-based care,Betty Neuman Model

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