Consumo de cigarrillo y prácticas culturales en contextos universitarios <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Cigarette smoking and Cultural Practices in University Contexts </span>

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Abstract

Esta investigación observacional descriptiva de corte transversal poblacional se propuso determinar la prevalencia, la frecuencia, factores de riesgo y las características del contexto universitario en la sede de una universidad privada en Bogotá, Colombia, asociadas al consumo de cigarrillo en la población universitaria (n=973) en 2008-2009. El conjunto de resultados confirma que la experimentación con este tipo de sustancias está relacionada con variables ambientales como la disponibilidad y la facilidad de acceso, además de las prácticas valorativas positivas hacia el consumo, por parte de los grupos de referencia de los participantes. En los miembros de la comunidad universitaria es importante advertir que si bien el comportamiento de consumo de cigarrillo pudo adquirirse antes del ingreso a la universidad, ésta es un contexto de refuerzo social, del cual se derivan excesivos seguimientos a reglas de comportamiento. Es decir, en los contextos universitarios se promueven modos de comportamiento social que están bajo el control de una historia de correspondencia entre las reglas y las contingencias naturales en la interacción social, tal y como fue señalado por todos los grupos al señalar el factor social como el elemento de mayor peso en el momento de decidir fumar.

Translated abstract

This observational, descriptive, transversal study sought to establish prevalence, frequency, risk factors and university context features in a private University in Bogota, Colombia, all associated to smoking in the University population (n=973) in 2008-2009. Results suggest confirming that experimenting with these substances is related to environmental variables such as availability and ease of Access, besides positive valuing practices towards smoking, exhibited by the participants' reference groups. We noticed that, whilst it is true that smoking may have been learnt before being a part of the University community, the University itself is a social reinforcement context, which encourages the excessive following of behavioural rules. It means that University context promotes social behaviour modes that lie under control of a history of correspondence between rules and natural contingencies in social interaction, as noticed by all groups when they pointed to social factors as the element with the most weight when deciding to smoke.

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Most cited references 34

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The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a worldwide collaborative surveillance initiative that includes governments and non-governmental organisations under the leadership of the World Health Organization/Tobacco Free Initiative (WHO/TFI) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Office on Smoking and Health (CDC/OSH). The GYTS was developed to enhance the capacity of countries to design, implement, and evaluate tobacco control and prevention programmes. The GYTS employs a standard methodology where self administered questionnaires, consisting of a set of core questions, are completed by a representative school based sample of students primarily between the ages of 13-15 years. Data are presented from 75 sites in 43 countries and the Gaza Strip/West Bank region. Current use of any tobacco product ranges from 62.8% to 3.3%, with high rates of oral tobacco use in certain regions. Current cigarette smoking ranges from 39.6% to less than 1%, with nearly 25% of students who smoke, having smoked their first cigarette before the age of 10 years. The majority of current smokers want to stop smoking and have already tried to quit, although very few students who currently smoke have ever attended a cessation programme. Exposure to advertising is high (75% of students had seen pro-tobacco ads), and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is very high in all countries. Only about half of the students reported that they had been taught in school about the dangers of smoking during the year preceding the survey. Global youth tobacco use is already widespread throughout the world, but there is great variation among nations. Valid and reliable data on the extent of youth tobacco use, and correlates of use, are essential to plan and evaluate tobacco use prevention programmes. The GYTS has proven the feasibility of an inexpensive, standardised, worldwide surveillance system for youth tobacco use. The GYTS will be expanded to the majority of countries in the next few years, and can serve as a baseline for monitoring and evaluating global and national tobacco control efforts.