Contributors
Lance J. Miller:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-0004
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original
draft
Lisa K. Lauderdale: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Jill D. Mellen: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Writing
– review & editing
Michael T. Walsh: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Writing
– review & editing
Douglas A. Granger: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Writing
– review & editing
Fabienne Delfour: Role: Editor
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
30
August
2021
Publication date Collection: 2021
Volume: 16
Issue: 8
Electronic Location Identifier: e0253732
Affiliations
[1
]
Conservation Science and Animal Welfare Research, Chicago Zoological Society–Brookfield
Zoo, Brookfield, IL, United States of America
[2
]
Biology Department, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America
[3
]
Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
[4
]
Institute for interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California,
Irvine, CA, United States of America
Laboratoire d’Ethologie Experimentale et Comparee, FRANCE
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have read the journal’s policy, and the authors of the study have the
following competing interests to declare: LM and LL are affiliated with the Chicago
Zoological Society – Brookfield Zoo (an AZA and AMMPA accredited zoo), and Chicago
Zoological Society provides a salary for LM. Before the study, JM was previously affiliated
with Disney’s Animal Kingdom (an AZA accredited zoo). The Seas® Epcot® Walt Disney
World® Resort, Dolphin Island – Resorts World Sentosa, and Loro Parque and Loro Parque
Fundación provided funding to the Chicago Zoological Society for this study. This
does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There
are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this
research to declare.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-20-19779
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253732
PMC ID: 8405028
PubMed ID: 34460835
SO-VID: 8b876551-f627-4e63-8008-0b1051ff4886
Copyright © © 2021 Miller et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
History
Date
received
: 26
June
2020
Date
accepted
: 12
June
2021
Page count
Figures: 0,
Tables: 9,
Pages: 16
Funding
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000208, Institute of Museum and Library Services;
Award ID: MG-30-17-0006-17
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-0004
Lance Miller
Funded by:
Indianapolis Zoo, The Seas® Epcot® Walt Disney World® Resort, Dolphin Island – Resorts
World Sentosa, Texas State Aquarium, Loro Parque and Loro Parque Fundación, SeaWorld
Busch Gardens Conservation Fund and the Chicago Zoological Society Women’s Board.
The work was funded by a National Leadership Grant (MG-30-17-0006-17) from the Institute
of Museum and Library Services (
www.imls.gov) to the Chicago Zoological Society. Additional financial support was provided to
the Chicago Zoological Society for the present work by the Indianapolis Zoo, The Seas®
Epcot® Walt Disney World® Resort, Dolphin Island – Resorts World Sentosa, Texas State
Aquarium, Loro Parque and Loro Parque Fundación, SeaWorld Busch Gardens Conservation
Fund and the Chicago Zoological Society Women’s Board. Chicago Zoological Society
provided financial support in the form of a salary for LM, University of California
Irvine provided financial support for DG salary and University of Florida provided
financial support for MW salary through Clearwater Marine Aquarium and Florida Fish
and Wildlife Conservation Commission state funding. The specific roles of these authors
are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. The Indianapolis Zoo, The Seas®
Epcot® Walt Disney World® Resort, Dolphin Island – Resorts World Sentosa, Texas State
Aquarium, Loro Parque, and SeaWorld Parks also contributed to data collection as each
of these facilities, as well as animals at the facilities, were involved in the study.
The funders had no other role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision
to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Categories
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Eukaryota
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Mammals
Subject:
Marine Mammals
Subject:
Dolphins
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Mammals
Subject:
Marine Mammals
Subject:
Dolphins
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Marine Biology
Subject:
Marine Mammals
Subject:
Dolphins
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Subject:
Marine Biology
Subject:
Marine Mammals
Subject:
Dolphins
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Animal Sociality
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Animal Sociality
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Animal Sociality
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Ecology
Subject:
Habitats
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Ecology
Subject:
Habitats
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Collective Animal Behavior
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Collective Animal Behavior
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Collective Animal Behavior
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Mathematics
Subject:
Statistics
Subject:
Statistical Data
Subject:
Computer and Information Sciences
Subject:
Data Management
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Agriculture
Subject:
Animal Management
Subject:
Animal Welfare
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