Repositioning Natural Antioxidants for Therapeutic Applications in Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Although a large panel of natural antioxidants demonstrate a protective effect in preventing cellular oxidative stress, their low bioavailability limits therapeutic activity at the targeted injury site. The importance to deliver drug or cells into oxidative microenvironments can be realized with the development of biocompatible redox-modulating materials. The incorporation of antioxidant compounds within implanted biomaterials should be able to retain the antioxidant activity, while also allowing graft survival and tissue recovery. This review summarizes the recent literature reporting the combined role of natural antioxidants with biomaterials. Our review highlights how such functionalization is a promising strategy in tissue engineering to improve the engraftment and promote tissue healing or regeneration.

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Foreign body reaction to biomaterials.

James M. Anderson, Analiz Rodriguez, David T. Chang (2008)

The foreign body reaction composed of macrophages and foreign body giant cells is the end-stage response of the inflammatory and wound healing responses following implantation of a medical device, prosthesis, or biomaterial. A brief, focused overview of events leading to the foreign body reaction is presented. The major focus of this review is on factors that modulate the interaction of macrophages and foreign body giant cells on synthetic surfaces where the chemical, physical, and morphological characteristics of the synthetic surface are considered to play a role in modulating cellular events. These events in the foreign body reaction include protein adsorption, monocyte/macrophage adhesion, macrophage fusion to form foreign body giant cells, consequences of the foreign body response on biomaterials, and cross-talk between macrophages/foreign body giant cells and inflammatory/wound healing cells. Biomaterial surface properties play an important role in modulating the foreign body reaction in the first two to four weeks following implantation of a medical device, even though the foreign body reaction at the tissue/material interface is present for the in vivo lifetime of the medical device. An understanding of the foreign body reaction is important as the foreign body reaction may impact the biocompatibility (safety) of the medical device, prosthesis, or implanted biomaterial and may significantly impact short- and long-term tissue responses with tissue-engineered constructs containing proteins, cells, and other biological components for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our perspective has been on the inflammatory and wound healing response to implanted materials, devices, and tissue-engineered constructs. The incorporation of biological components of allogeneic or xenogeneic origin as well as stem cells into tissue-engineered or regenerative approaches opens up a myriad of other challenges. An in depth understanding of how the immune system interacts with these cells and how biomaterials or tissue-engineered constructs influence these interactions may prove pivotal to the safety, biocompatibility, and function of the device or system under consideration.

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Regeneration of the entire human epidermis using transgenic stem cells

Tobias Hirsch, Tobias Rothoeft, Norbert Teig … (2017)

Autologous transgenic epidermal stem cell cultures are used to reconstitute almost the entire epidermis of a patient with severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa.

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Is Open Access

The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health

Cesar Fraga, Kevin Croft, David O. Kennedy … (2019)

Consuming polyphenols is associated with benefits to cardiometabolic health and brain function, which are driven by their complex interrelationship with the gut microbiome, their bioactive metabolites, and other phytochemicals. Although deficiencies in polyphenol intake do not result in specific deficiency diseases, adequate intake of polyphenols could confer health benefits, especially with regard to chronic diseases. Tea, cocoa, fruits, and berries, as well as vegetables, are rich in polyphenols. Flavan-3-ols from cocoa have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and diabetes, as well as improvements in lipids, endothelial-dependent blood flow and blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. The flavonoid quercetin and the stilbene resveratrol have also been associated with cardiometabolic health. Although polyphenols have been associated with improved cerebral blood flow, evidence of an impact on cognition is more limited. The ability of dietary polyphenols to produce clinical effects may be due, at least in part, to a bi-directional relationship with the gut microbiota. Polyphenols can impact the composition of the gut microbiota (which are independently associated with health benefits), and gut bacteria metabolize polyphenols into bioactive compounds that produce clinical benefits. Another critical interaction is that of polyphenols with other phytochemicals, which could be relevant to interpreting the health parameter effects of polyphenols assayed as purified extracts, whole foods, or whole food extracts.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Bioengineering (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Bioengineering (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): bioengineering

Title: Bioengineering

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2306-5354

Publication date (Electronic): 02 September 2020

Publication date Collection: September 2020

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 104

Affiliations

[1 ]Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy

[2 ]School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, 2 D02 Dublin, Ireland; cianoleary@ 123456rcsi.ie

[3 ]Science Foundation Ireland Advanced Materials and Bioengineering (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, 2 D02 Dublin, Ireland

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: pasquale.marrazzo2@ 123456unibo.it

Author information

Pasquale Marrazzo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-5828

Cian O’Leary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9732-5703

Article

Publisher ID: bioengineering-07-00104

DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030104

PMC ID: 7552777

PubMed ID: 32887327

SO-VID: 8bbfe3de-7679-4a37-a68f-8c90b093f91b

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Repositioning Natural Antioxidants for Therapeutic Applications in Tissue Engineering

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Stress signalling in stem cells

Most cited references 254

Foreign body reaction to biomaterials.

Regeneration of the entire human epidermis using transgenic stem cells

The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health

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