12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Substance use and misuse among children and youth with mental illness : A pilot study Translated title: Konsum und Missbrauch von Substanzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen Erkrankungen : Eine Pilotstudie

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Summary

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to examine prevalence, patterns and predictors of substance use among a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

          Methods

          Participants included 25 minors aged 12–17 years admitted to an Austrian department of child and adolescent psychiatry. Lifetime use, initiation, frequency and quantity of substance use, sociodemographic, family and school-related data were collected by self-report measures. Substance use disorders were detected using CAGE (a screening instrument for problem drinking) and FTND (Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence). Clinical characteristics were extracted from medical records.

          Results

          Lifetime prevalence of any substance use (76%) and regular use (32%) were common. Prevalence was high for alcohol (76%), nicotine (44%) and illicit drug use (36%). Older age was associated with tobacco ( p = 0.023), drug ( p = 0.021) and cannabis use ( p = 0.015) and regular use of psychotropic substances ( p = 0.027). Family dysfunction predicted regular ( p = 0.035) and cannabis use ( p = 0.02). History of trauma prognosticated regular ( p = 0.047) and tobacco use ( p = 0.011). Use of any substance ( p < 0.001) as well as regular use ( p = 0.026) were significantly associated with peer substance use. Consuming adolescents were more likely to show academic failure, school absenteeism and behavioral problems. Alcohol ( p = 0.02), drug ( p = 0.017) and regular substance use ( p = 0.007) were linked to suicidal ideation. A remarkable relationship between affective as well as externalizing disorders and alcohol, nicotine and drug use was found.

          Conclusions

          Substance use is highly prevalent among youth with mental illnesses and associated with psychosocial consequences. These data highlight the need to carefully explore this population at high risk.

          Zusammenfassung

          Ziel

          Ziel dieser Studie war die Analyse der Prävalenzen des Konsums psychotroper Substanzen, der Konsummuster sowie der Prädiktoren des Konsums innerhalb eines Kollektivs psychisch kranker Adoleszenter in stationärer psychiatrischer Betreuung.

          Methodik

          Die Population bestand aus 25 psychisch kranken Adoleszenten (12–17 Jahre), die an der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie des AKH Wien stationär aufgenommen waren. Mittels Selbstbeurteilungsbögen wurden Lebenszeitprävalenzen, Einstiegsalter, Häufigkeit und Menge des Substanzkonsums sowie soziodemographische, familiäre und schulbezogene Daten ermittelt. Symptome eines Substanzmissbrauchs (SUD) wurden mittels CAGE (ein Kurzfragebogen für problematischen Alkoholkonsum) und FTND (Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence) erfasst. Ferner wurden klinische Daten aus medizinischen Unterlagen entnommen.

          Ergebnisse

          Insgesamt 76 % des Kollektivs konsumierten eine psychotrope Substanz, 32 % konsumierten regelmäßig. Es ergaben sich hohe Prävalenzen für Alkohol- (76 %), Nikotin- (44 %) und Drogenkonsum (36 %). Ein höheres Alter war assoziiert mit Nikotin- ( p = 0,023), Drogen- ( p = 0,021) und Cannabiskonsum ( p = 0,015) sowie mit regelmäßigem Konsum einer oder mehrerer psychotroper Substanzen ( p = 0,027). Dysfunktionale Familienverhältnisse und Traumatisierung waren signifikante Prädiktoren für regelmäßigen Substanzkonsum. Eine konsumierende Peergroup nahm Einfluss auf die Prävalenz des Substanzkonsums ( p < 0,001) und des regelmäßigen Konsums ( p = 0,026). Ferner konnten signifikante Beziehungen zwischen Substanzkonsum und Schulversagen, problematischen Verhaltensweisen sowie suizidalen Intentionen aufgedeckt werden. Bemerkenswerte Relationen bestanden zwischen Substanzkonsum und externalisierenden sowie affektiven Störungen.

          Schlussfolgerungen

          Es konnten hohe Prävalenzen des Konsums psychotroper Substanzen innerhalb des Kollektivs psychisch kranker Adoleszenter und damit verbundene psychosoziale Konsequenzen aufgedeckt werden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen Exploration dieser Hochrisikopopulation.

          Related collections

          Most cited references26

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Mental health and alcohol, drugs and tobacco: a review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs.

          This paper reviews some major epidemiological studies undertaken in high-income countries during the last 15 years which have reported the prevalence of mental disorders and substance use disorders and their relationship. Comorbidity between mental and substance use disorders is highly prevalent across countries. In general, people with a substance use disorder had higher comorbid rates of mental disorders than vice versa, and people with illicit drug disorders had the highest rates of comorbid mental disorders. There is a strong direct association between the magnitude of comorbidity and the severity of substance use disorders. While causal pathways differ across substances and disorders, there is evidence that alcohol is a casual factor for depression, in some European countries up to 10% of male depression. Policies that reduce the use of substances are likely to reduce the prevalence of mental disorders. Treatment should be available in an integrated fashion for both mental and substance use disorders. There is a need to expand the evidence base on comorbidity, particularly in low-income countries.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Adverse effects of cannabis on health: an update of the literature since 1996.

            H Kalant (2004)
            Recent research has clarified a number of important questions concerning adverse effects of cannabis on health. A causal role of acute cannabis intoxication in motor vehicle and other accidents has now been shown by the presence of measurable levels of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the blood of injured drivers in the absence of alcohol or other drugs, by surveys of driving under the influence of cannabis, and by significantly higher accident culpability risk of drivers using cannabis. Chronic inflammatory and precancerous changes in the airways have been demonstrated in cannabis smokers, and the most recent case-control study shows an increased risk of airways cancer that is proportional to the amount of cannabis use. Several different studies indicate that the epidemiological link between cannabis use and schizophrenia probably represents a causal role of cannabis in precipitating the onset or relapse of schizophrenia. A weaker but significant link between cannabis and depression has been found in various cohort studies, but the nature of the link is not yet clear. A large body of evidence now demonstrates that cannabis dependence, both behavioral and physical, does occur in about 7-10% of regular users, and that early onset of use, and especially of weekly or daily use, is a strong predictor of future dependence. Cognitive impairments of various types are readily demonstrable during acute cannabis intoxication, but there is no suitable evidence yet available to permit a decision as to whether long-lasting or permanent functional losses can result from chronic heavy use in adults. However, a small but growing body of evidence indicates subtle but apparently permanent effects on memory, information processing, and executive functions, in the offspring of women who used cannabis during pregnancy. In total, the evidence indicates that regular heavy use of cannabis carries significant risks for the individual user and for the health care system.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Cigarette smoking and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents.

              To review the current state of knowledge of psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent cigarette smokers. assisted literature search was conducted and seminal articles were cross-referenced for comprehensiveness of the search. For each disorder, a synopsis of knowledge in adults is provided and compared with the knowledge in adolescents. Psychiatric comorbidity is common in adolescent cigarette smokers, especially disruptive behavior disorders (such as oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), major depressive disorders, and drug and alcohol use disorders. Anxiety disorders are modestly associated with cigarette smoking. Both early onset (<13 years) cigarette smoking and conduct problems seem to be robust markers of increased psychopathology, including substance abuse, later in life. In spite of the high comorbidity, very few adolescents have nicotine dependence diagnosed or receive smoking cessation treatment in child and adolescent psychiatric treatment settings. There is increasing evidence for high rates of psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking in adolescence appears to be a strong marker of future psychopathology. Child and adolescent psychiatry treatment programs may be a good setting for prevention efforts and treatment, which should focus on both nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                katrin.skala@meduniwien.ac.at
                Journal
                Neuropsychiatr
                Neuropsychiatr
                Neuropsychiatrie
                Springer Vienna (Vienna )
                0948-6259
                21 June 2017
                21 June 2017
                2018
                : 32
                : 1
                : 18-25
                Affiliations
                ISNI 0000 0000 9259 8492, GRID grid.22937.3d, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, , Medical University of Vienna, ; Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
                Article
                231
                10.1007/s40211-017-0231-4
                5842275
                28639209
                8c19bf76-ba98-4385-b47a-2588781d33b0
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 15 May 2017
                : 6 June 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: Medical University of Vienna
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018

                adolescents,mental illness,alcohol,nicotine,illicit substances,jugendliche,psychische erkrankung,alkohol,nikotin,illegale drogen

                Comments

                Comment on this article