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      Estudo microbiológico do core e superfície das amígdalas palatinas em crianças portadoras de faringoamigdalites de repetição e hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana Translated title: Microbiologic study of the core and surface of the tonsils in children with recurrent and hypertrophic tonsillitis

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: As faringoamigdalites bacterianas, assim como a hipertrofia das amígdalas palatinas, são extremamente freqüentes na população infantil. Este estudo visa a pesquisa e identificação da flora bacteriana que coloniza as amígdalas palatinas nas crianças portadoras destas afecções. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Neste estudo, os autores avaliam 90 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 2 e 6 anos (Pré-escolares) e 6 e 12 anos (Escolares) com indicação de adenoamigdalectomia; 27 com histórico de faringoamigdalites de repetição (AR), e 63 portadores de hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana obstrutiva (AO), assistidos na Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica da Universidade Federal de S Paulo, no período de abril de 1999 a 2002. Foram colhidos swabs da superfície das amígdalas palatinas no momento da cirurgia, e após sua remoção cirúrgica, realizados esfregaços do core amigdaliano. O material obtido foi analisado em relação ao crescimento bacteriano. RESULTADOS: De uma forma geral, independentemente da faixa etária e do grupo, as bactérias consideradas patogênicas mais prevalentes foram o Haemophilus sp, 50,5% no grupo AO e 59,2% no grupo AR; Staphilococcus aureus (S. aureus), 50,7% no grupo AO e 33,3% no grupo AR; Streptococcus pyogenes (S.pyogenes), 9,5% no grupo AO e 7,4% no grupo AR; Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), 4,7% no grupo AO e 0% no grupo AR; e Moraxella sp, 6,3% no grupo AO e 11,1% no grupo AR, não ocorrendo diferença significativa entre a superfície e o core. Tanto nos pré-escolares como nos escolares, o S. aureus foi mais freqüente nas crianças com hipertrofia (AO) em relação às que apresentavam infecções de repetição (AR). Nos escolares, o S. pyogenes foi mais prevalente no grupo AR, e embora presente em pré-escolares do grupo AO, não foi isolado nas crianças com infecção de repetição. O S. pneumoniae só foi isolado em crianças com hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do nosso estudo sugerem que a flora bacteriana que coloniza a superfície amigdaliana é semelhante à do core amigdaliano; que a prevalência de S. pyogenes colonizante na orofaringe de crianças é alta, em torno de 10%, e que o S. aureus é mais prevalente em crianças portadoras de hipertrofia adenoamigdaliana.

          Translated abstract

          AIM: Bacterial pharyngotonsillitis and tonsil hypertrophy are extremely frequent in childhood. This study aims to identify and verify the frequency of the bacterial colonization in tonsils of children with history of recurrent tonsillitis and tonsil hypertrophy. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Ninety children, both female and male, ages between 2 and 6 years (pre-school children) and 6 and 12 years (scholars) scheduled for adenotonsillectomy; 27 with history of recurrent pharyngotonsillitis (AR), and 63 with obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AO), assisted at Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, were evaluated from 1999 to 2002. Material from the surface of the tonsils was taken with swabs at the moment of the surgery. After tonsil removal, material was also taken from the tonsil core. The obtained material were submitted to culture and analyzed according to bacterial growth. RESULTS: Overall, regardless the age and the diagnostic group, the most prevalent pathogenic isolated bacteria were Haemophilus sp, 50.5% in the AO group and 59.2% in the group AR; S. Aureus, 50.7% in the AO group, and 33.3% in group AR; S pyogenes, 9.5% in the AO group and 7.4% group AR; S. pneumoniae, 4.7% in the AO group, and 0% in group AR; and Moraxella sp, 6.3% in the AO group and 11.1% in group AR. No significant difference was noted between the bacteria isolated from surface and the tonsil core. S aureus was more frequent in the AO group compared to the group AR in both, school children and scholars. Scholars presented higher incidence of S pyogenes in the AR group, and although also present in the pre-school children tonsils, it was only isolated in the AO group. S pneumoniae was only isolated in children with obstructive adenotonsillitis (AO). CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that the surface and core bacterial colonization of the tonsils is similar. It also seems that the prevalence of S pyogenes colonization is high, around 10%, and that S aureus is more prevalent in children with hypertrophic adenotonsillitis compared to the group with recurrent infections.

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          Modern assessment of tonsils and adenoids.

          Modern assessment of the tonsils and adenoids is based on an appreciation of new concepts pertaining to the pathogenesis of tonsil and adenoid disease. Recognition of the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing and encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in the tonsils and adenoids should lead to a reconsideration of present therapeutic recommendations for antibiotic therapy in infectious tonsil and adenoid disease. The performance of a precise history, use of a standardized physical examination, and judicious use of laboratory evaluation are all necessary for appropriate patient management and improved communication between the pediatrician and otolaryngologist. Thus, appropriate recommendation for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy will enhance their benefits, and the result will be happier and healthier children.
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            Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in Latin American children: results of the Pan American Health Organization Surveillance Study.

            Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae promise to be an effective public health intervention for children, especially in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. To characterize the distribution of capsular types in Latin America, surveillance for invasive pneumococcal infection in children < or = 5 years of age was done in six countries between February 1993 and April 1996. Fifty percent of 1,649 sterile-site isolates were from children with pneumonia, and 52% were isolated from blood. The 15 most common of the capsular types prevalent throughout the region accounted for 87.7% of all isolates. Overall, 24.9% of isolates had diminished susceptibility to penicillin: 16.7% had intermediate resistance and 8.3% had high-level resistance. Three customized vaccine formulas containing 7, 12, and 15 capsular types were found to have regional coverages of 72%, 85%, and 88%, respectively. This study emphasizes the need for local surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease prior to the development and evaluation of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines for children.
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              Microbiology of obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis.

              A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tonsillar surface and core of children with recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis and children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy was performed. No qualitative difference was found within the two population groups. Haemophilus influenzae and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were the most prevalent beta-lactamase-producing isolates in both groups. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest rate of beta-lactamase production on the tonsillar surface of children with recurrent tonsillitis, while Streptococcus pyogenes was more prevalent in the tonsillar surface cultures of children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy. The bacterial density was high but not significantly different in both groups of children. The similar microbial composition and density of both groups and the higher rate of S pyogenes recovery may signify a subclinical disease or normal flora in children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rboto
                Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia
                Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.
                ABORL-CCF Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0034-7299
                March 2003
                : 69
                : 2
                : 181-184
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica
                Article
                S0034-72992003000200006 S0034-7299(03)06900206
                10.1590/S0034-72992003000200006
                8c3807c1-d63b-42e8-a9e8-54d2b724a493

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 February 2003
                : 06 November 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                pharyngotonsillitis,bacteriology,hipertrofia amigdaliana,faringoamigdalite,microbiota,tonsil hypertrophy

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