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      Impact of maternal diabetes mellitus on mortality and morbidity of very low birth weight infants: a multicenter Latin America study Translated title: Impacto da diabetes mellitus maternal sobre a mortalidade e morbidade de crianças com muito baixo peso ao nascer: um estudo em diversos centros da América Latina

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVES: To compare mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) born to women with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: This was a cohort study with retrospective data collection (2001-2010, n = 11.991) from the NEOCOSUR network. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the outcome of neonatal mortality and morbidity as a function of maternal DM. Women with no DM served as the reference group. RESULTS: The rate of maternal DM was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.5-3.1), but a significant (p = 0.019) increase was observed between 2001-2005 (2.4%, 2.1-2.8) and 2006-2010 (3.2%, 2.8-3.6). Mothers with DM were more likely to have received a complete course of prenatal steroids than those without DM. Infants of diabetic mothers had a slightly higher gestational age and birth weight than infants of born to non-DM mothers. Distribution of mean birth weight Z-scores, small for gestational age status, and Apgar scores were similar. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and patent ductus arteriosus. Delivery room mortality, total mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and early-onset sepsis rates were significantly lower in the diabetic group, whereas necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was significantly higher in infants born to DM mothers. In the logistic regression analysis, NEC grades 2-3 was the only condition independently associated with DM (adjusted OR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.2 -2.27]). CONCLUSIONS: VLBWI born to DM mothers do not appear to be at an excess risk of mortality or early morbidity, except for NEC.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Comparar mortalidade e morbidade em crianças de muito baixo peso (MBP) filhas de mães com e sem diabetes mellitus (DM). MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte com coleta retrospectiva de dados (2001-2010, n = 11.991) da rede Neocosur. Odds ratios ajustados foram calculados para mortalidade e morbilidade neonatal em função da DM materna. Mulheres sem DM serviram como grupo de referência. RESULTADOS: A taxa de DM materna foi de 2,8% (IC 95% 2,5-3,1), mas um aumento significativo (p = 0,019) entre 2001-2005 (2,4%) e 2006-2010 (3,2%) foi observado. As mães com DM eram mais propensas a ter recebido um curso completo de esteroides pré-natais do que as sem DM. Os bebês de mães diabéticas tinham uma idade gestacional e peso ao nascer um pouco maior do que crianças filhas de não DM. A distribuição dos escores z do peso ao nascer, pequeno para idade gestacional e de Apgar foi semelhante. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em termos de síndrome do desconforto respiratório, displasia broncopulmonar, hemorragia intraventricular, leucomalácia periventricular e persistência do ductus arteriosus. Mortalidade na sala de parto, mortalidade total, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e taxas de sepse neonatal precoce foram significativamente menores no grupo diabético, enquanto enterocolite necrosante (NEC) foi significativamente maior em recém-nascidos de mães diabéticas. Em análises de regressão logística NEC foi a única condição independentemente associada com DM (OR ajustado 1,65 [IC 95% 1,21 -2,27]). CONCLUSÕES: Crianças MBP de DM não parecem estar em um excesso de risco de mortalidade ou morbidade precoce, exceto NEC.

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          Diabetes mellitus and the risk of preterm birth with regard to the risk of spontaneous preterm birth.

          It is internationally agreed that diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and long-term complications. To avoid these complications, it is often necessary to induce birth before term. The impact of DM on spontaneous preterm birth (spontaneous labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes and/or cervical incompetence resulting in delivery before the completion of 37 gestation weeks) is still unexplained. Preterm birth accounts for the most neonatal deaths and infant morbidities, and therefore it still remains one of the biggest challenges in obstetrics. Our study determined if there is an increasing tendency towards spontaneous preterm birth in mothers with gestational and preexisting DM. In this retrospective cohort study, 187 pregnant women with gestational DM and preexisting DM were compared to a randomized control group consisting of 192 normoglycemic women concerning gestational age and perinatal outcome. Data were collected by the Medical University of Vienna. Multiple pregnancies and women with severe maternal diseases, such as preeclampsia, were excluded. Women with DM tended significantly more often to preterm births (P = 0.002). A significant difference in the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth was found (P = 0.047). DM affects the length of gestation and incidence of spontaneous preterm birth.
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            Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

            (2006)
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              Impact of maternal diabetes mellitus on mortality and morbidity of preterm infants (24-33 weeks' gestation).

              We hypothesized that maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk for mortality, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and major complications of prematurity. Analysis of prospectively collected (1995-2007) Israel National Very Low Birth Weight Infant Database. Maternal DM was recorded as pregestational or gestational. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent effect of maternal DM status on infant mortality, RDS, and other complications of prematurity. Infants of mothers with pregestational (n = 120) and gestational (n = 825) DM were similar, and their data were pooled for analyses. Mothers with DM were more likely to have received a complete course of prenatal steroids than control mothers. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) had a slightly higher gestational age and birthweight than non-IDM's. Distribution of birthweight percentiles and the mean birthweight z scores were similar. Apgar scores were statistically higher in the IDM group. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of delivery room mortality, RDS, and other major complications of prematurity. Total mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates were significantly higher in the nondiabetic group. The adjusted odds ratios for mortality, RDS, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, and patent ductus arteriosus were not significantly increased in the IDM group. With modern management and adequate prenatal care, IDM born very low birthweight do not seem to be at an excess risk of developing RDS or other major complications of prematurity compared with non-IDM.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre )
                1678-4782
                June 2015
                : 91
                : 3
                : 234-241
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [2 ] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0021-75572015000300234
                10.1016/j.jped.2014.08.007
                25433204
                8d029d53-a259-4c0c-8a93-c906410a17af

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0021-7557&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Very low birth weight,Diabetes mellitus,Morbidity,Mortality,Neonatal,Network,Muito baixo peso,Morbilidade,Mortalidade,Redes

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