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      A comparison of the growth status, level of blood glucose, and lipid metabolism in small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age girls with central precocious puberty: a retrospective study

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          Abstract

          Background

          To compare the physical development status, level of blood glucose and lipid metabolism in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups with central precocious puberty (CPP).

          Methods

          This was a retrospective study. Three hundred and twenty-two girls with CPP were divided into the AGA group (304 cases) and the SGA group (18 cases). Physical index such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), as well as sex hormones, adrenal androgens, blood lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared between the two groups.

          Results

          Height, weight, and BMI in the SGA group were lower than those in the AGA group (P<0.05). The level of LH/FSH, estradiol, testosterone, DHEA and androstenedione had no significant difference between the SGA group and AGA group (P>0.05). The fasting blood glucose, insulin level, HOMA-IR, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the average level of triglycerides were similar between these two groups (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between the two groups (P<0.05). However, the blood lipids and blood glucose in both groups were within the normal range.

          Conclusions

          The height, weight, BMI, serum cholesterol and LDL of girls in SGA with CPP were significantly lower than that of those girls born AGA.

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          Most cited references26

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          Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of central precocious puberty.

          Vinicius Brito, Jean-Claude Carel, Ana Latronico (2016)
          Central precocious puberty results from the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It mimics physiological pubertal development, although at an inappropriate chronological age (before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys). It can be attributable to cerebral congenital malformations or acquired insults, but the cause in most cases in girls remains unknown. MKRN3 gene defects have been identified in familial disease, with important basic and clinical results. Indeed, genetic analysis of this gene should be included in the routine clinical investigation of familial and idiopathic cases of central precocious puberty. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are the gold-standard treatment. The assessment and management of this disease remain challenging for paediatric endocrinologists. In this Series paper, we describe current challenges involving the precise diagnosis and adequate treatment of this disorder.
          Article 0 comments Cited 116 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            [Chinese neonatal birth weight curve for different gestational age].

            Wenjing Shi, Rong Zhang, Shulian Zhang … (2015)
            Since 1986, the reference of birth weight for gestational age has not been updated. The aim of this study was to set up Chinese neonatal network to investigate the current situation of birth weight in China, especially preterm birth weight, to develop the new reference for birth weight for gestational age and birth weight curve.
            Article 0 comments Cited 87 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Long-term metabolic risk among children born premature or small for gestational age

              ALEJANDRO MARTÍNEZ-AGUAYO, Germán Iñiguez, Ricardo D. Uauy … (2017)
              Accumulating evidence suggests that both the intrauterine environment and growth during early life can influence the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, in adulthood. Here, we review the available human data supporting increased metabolic risk among children born premature or small for gestational age; the adrenal and pubertal modifications that contribute to this risk; metabolic changes that occur during adolescence and early adulthood; and approaches to potentially modify or decrease risk of metabolic disease. The risks associated with delivery at term or preterm are compared for each period of life. Knowledge of these associations is fundamental for the paediatric community to develop preventive strategies early during postnatal life.
              Article 0 comments Cited 71 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transl Pediatr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transl Pediatr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TP
                Title: Translational Pediatrics
                Publisher: AME Publishing Company
                ISSN (Print): 2224-4336
                ISSN (Electronic): 2224-4344
                Publication date (Print and electronic): April 2021
                Publication date (Print): April 2021
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 783-789
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
                Author notes

                Contributions: (I) Conception and design: L Hou; (II) Administrative support: XP Luo, Yan Liang, W Wu, YQ Ying, L Hou; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: XP Luo, Y Liang, W Wu, YQ Ying, L Hou; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: X Yu, X Yang, Y Zhao, L Hou; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: X Yu, X Yang, YQ Ying, H Ling; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

                [#]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Correspondence to: Ling Hou. Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China. Email: houl63258@ 123456163.com .
                Article
                Publisher ID: tp-10-04-783
                DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-366
                PMC ID: 8107858
                PubMed ID: 34012828
                SO-VID: 8d37d193-01c0-47ea-89b1-abb113fd8ed1
                Copyright © 2021 Translational Pediatrics. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

                History
                Date received : 04 November 2020
                Date accepted : 26 February 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: small for gestational age (sga),precocious puberty,growth,puberty,metabolic syndrome
                Data availability:
                Keywords: small for gestational age (sga), precocious puberty, growth, puberty, metabolic syndrome

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