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      Determinantes nutricionais precoces da massa livre de gordura no início da vida adulta: revisão sistemática da literatura Translated title: Determinantes nutricionales tempranos de la masa libre de grasa en el comienzo de la edad adulta: una revisión sistemática de la literatura Translated title: Early nutritional determinants of fat-free mass in early adulthood: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Aspectos nutricionais relativos aos primeiros anos de vida podem desempenhar um papel fundamental sobre o desenvolvimento da composição corporal em outras fases da vida. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, identificando estudos que avaliaram a associação entre determinantes nutricionais precoces e a massa livre de gordura no início da vida adulta. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Nove estudos foram incluídos, após revisão por pares das 576 referências encontradas, publicados entre os anos de 2003 e 2009, conduzidos com indivíduos saudáveis e com análise longitudinal. As variáveis peso e altura ao nascer, assim como suas variações ao longo da infância, são fortes preditores da massa livre de gordura em idades posteriores. Os estudos mostram que quanto maior o peso ao nascer e o ganho de peso nos primeiros anos de vida, maior será a massa livre de gordura na vida adulta. Porém, os dados disponíveis são poucos e inconclusivos com relação à alimentação nos primeiros anos de vida como preditor da massa livre de gordura em idades posteriores.

          Translated abstract

          Aspectos nutricionales en relación con los primeros años de vida pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental sobre el desarrollo de la composición corporal en otras fases de la vida. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, identificando estudios que evaluaron la asociación entre determinantes nutricionales precoces y la masa libre de grasa en el inicio de la vida adulta. Se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Se incluyeron nueve estudios, tras la revisión por pares de las 576 referencias encontradas, publicados entre los años 2003 a 2009, llevados a cabo con individuos saludables y con un análisis longitudinal. Las variables peso y altura al nacer, así como sus variaciones a lo largo de la infancia, son fuertes predictores de la masa libre de grasa en edades posteriores. Los estudios muestran que cuanto mayor es el peso al nacer y se gana peso durante los primeros años de vida, mayor será la masa libre de grasa en la vida adulta. Sin embargo, los datos disponibles son pocos e inconclusos en relación con la alimentación en los primeros años de vida como predictor de la masa libre de grasa en edades posteriores.

          Translated abstract

          Early childhood nutritional factors can play a crucial role in the development of body composition in later phases of life. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies on the association between early nutritional determinants and fat-free mass in adulthood. The PubMed and Virtual Health Library electronic databases were used. Nine articles were included after a peer review of the 576 references initially found, published from 2003 to 2009, with healthy subjects and longitudinal analysis. Birth weight and birth length and variations across childhood were strong predictors of fat-free mass at later ages. The studies showed that higher birth weight and greater weight gain in early childhood were associated with greater fat-free mass in adulthood. However, the available data are limited and inconclusive in relation to eating in early childhood as a predictor of fat-free mass at later ages.

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          Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later life--a systematic review.

          The association between obesity and morbidity resulting from chronic diseases is well known. This systematic review addresses studies of the role of rapid growth in infancy and childhood as possible determinants of overweight and obesity later in the life course. We reviewed MEDLINE for studies reporting on growth in infancy and childhood, as well as measures of weight or adiposity in later childhood, adolescence or adulthood. The methodological quality of the papers was assessed using the criteria suggested by Downs and Black. Sixteen articles that fulfilled review criteria were located. There was wide variability in the indicators used for defining rapid growth as well as overweight or obesity. The age range in which weight or adiposity was measured ranged from 3 to 70 years. In spite of differences in definitions used, 13 articles that reported on early rapid growth found significant associations with later overweight or adiposity. Efforts should be made to standardize the definition of rapid growth, as well as that of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The most frequent definition for rapid growth in this review was a Z-score change greater than 0.67 in weight for age between two different ages in childhood. Regarding obesity, the definition proposed by the International Obesity Task Force also appears to be most appropriate. The present results indicate that early growth is indeed associated with the prevalence of obesity later in the life course.
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            Prospective associations between objective measures of physical activity and fat mass in 12-14 year old children: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

            Objective To investigate associations between physical activity at age 12 and subsequent adiposity at age 14. Design Prospective birth cohort study with data collected between 2003 and 2007. Setting Original recruitment in 1991-2 of 14 541 pregnant women living in the former County of Avon (United Kingdom). Participants At age 12, 11 952 children were invited to attend the research clinic. Of these, 7159 attended, and 4150 (1964 boys, 2186 girls) provided sufficient data on exposure, outcome, and confounding variables. Main outcome measure Fat mass at age 14, measured by dual emission x ray absorptiometry, associated with physical activity at age 12, measured by accelerometry. Results Prospective associations of fat mass at age 14 (outcome) with physical activity at age 12 (exposure) were strong for both total activity (accelerometer counts/min) and for daily amount of moderate-vigorous physical activity (min/day). An extra 15 minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity per day at age 12 was associated with lower fat mass at age 14 in boys (by 11.9% (95% confidence interval 9.5% to 14.3%)) and girls (by 9.8% (6.7% to 12.8%)). The proportion of physical activity due to moderate-vigorous physical activity was between 20% and 30% in boys and girls at the two ages. Conclusions Higher levels of physical activity, in particular activity of moderate to higher intensities, are prospectively associated with lower levels of fat mass in early adolescence. Interventions to raise levels of physical activity in children are likely to be important in the fight against obesity.
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              Associations between prenatal and infancy weight gain and BMI, fat mass, and fat distribution in young adulthood: a prospective cohort study in males and females born very preterm.

              Increasing evidence indicates that adult body composition is associated with prenatal and infancy weight gain, but the relative importance of different time periods has not been elucidated. The objective was to study the association between prenatal, early postnatal, and late infancy weight gain and body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and fat distribution in young adulthood. We included 403 men and women aged 19 y from a Dutch national prospective follow-up study who were born at <32 wk of gestation. BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio SD scores and subscapular-to-triceps ratio, percentage body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass at age 19 y were studied in relation to birth weight SD scores, weight gain from preterm birth until 3 mo postterm (early postnatal weight gain), and weight gain from 3 mo until 1 y postterm (late infancy weight gain). Birth weight SD scores were positively associated with weight, height, BMI SD scores, and fat-free mass at age 19 y but not with fat mass, percentage body fat, or fat distribution. Early postnatal and late infancy weight gain were positively associated with adult height, weight, BMI, waist circumference SD scores, fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage body fat but not with waist-to-hip ratio SD scores or subscapular-to-triceps ratio. In infants born very preterm, weight gain before 32 wk of gestation is positively associated with adult body size but not with body composition and fat distribution. More early postnatal and, to a lesser extent, late infancy weight gain are associated with higher BMI SD scores and percentage body fat and more abdominal fat at age 19 y.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                April 2013
                : 29
                : 8
                : 639-653
                Affiliations
                [03] Florianópolis orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição Brasil
                [02] Pelotas orgnameUniversidade Católica de Pelotas orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comportamento Brasil
                [01] Pelotas orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2013000800003 S0102-311X(13)02900400003
                8d500e2d-1af8-4def-aac6-f2343e7c80a7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 December 2012
                : 15 November 2012
                : 07 August 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 15
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)

                Composição Corporal,Adulto Joven,Estudos Longitudinais,Adulto Jovem,Body Composition,Longitudinal Studies,Young Adult,Composición Corporal,Estudios Longitudinales

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