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      Evaluación de la calidad bacteriológica de tilapia fresca (Oreochromis niloticus) proveniente de la Zona Norte de Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          El presente trabajo evaluó la flora normal y patógena asociada a la tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), ya que no existen estudios previos, a nivel nacional, sobre la calidad microbiológica de este producto. Con este propósito, se determinó el Recuento Total Aerobio (RT), el número de coliformes totales (CT) y coliformes fecales (CF), Enterococcus sp., Aeromonas sp., bacterias lácticas y la presencia de Listeria sp y Salmonella spp. a partir de la superficie externa de la tilapia. Se recolectaron 50 muestras provenientes de las zonas de San Carlos y Cañas y se transportaron en frío hasta el Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos y Aguas de la Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, donde se efectuaron los análisis señalados según la metodología presentada por la American Publilc Health Association, 1998. Los resultados obtenidos confirman, desde el punto de vista microbiológico, la frescura de las tilapias al momento de su análisis, sin embargo, los niveles de coliformes encontrados fueron inaceptables para el consumo humano. No se logró aislar Listeria sp., pero el aislamiento de Salmonella spp. confirmó la contaminación fecal de las aguas de crianza de la tilapia, aparte de su importancia a nivel de salud pública. También se encontró que la tilapia presenta un número elevado de Aeromonas sp. como parte de su flora normal, por lo que se recomienda incluir este género dentro de las normas de calidad para pescado fresco. Según los datos obtenidos, no existe diferencia significativa (95% de confianza) entre el RT, los niveles de CT y CF, Enterococcus sp y Aeromonas sp. a partir de la tilapia proveniente de los criaderos de las zonas de San Carlos y Cañas.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Bacteriological evaluation of fresh tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) coming from the northern region of Costa Rica. The following work presents an evaluation of the normal and pathogenic flora associated to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), since there are no previous national studies referred to the microbiological quality of this product. The total aerobic plate count, lactic bacteria, Enterococcus sp and Aeromonas sp and fecal and total coliform count, and the presence of Listeria sp and Salmonella spp from the external surface of tilapias were evaluated. A total of 50 samples, coming from San Carlos and Cañas zones were transported in ice to the Food and Water Microbiology Laboratory, Universidad de Costa Rica, where the laboratory analysis were performed, according to the methodology presented by de American Public Health Association, 1998. The results obtained confirm the microbiological freshness of the product when the analysis was performed, although coliform levels were unacceptable. Listeria sp was not found, but the isolation of Salmonella spp. confirms the fecal contamination of water where the tilapia is grown, aside of the Public Health concern. Also, it was found a high number of Aeromonas sp, as part of its normal flora, so we recommend including this genus in the quality standards for fresh fish. According to the data obtained, there was no significant difference (95% confidence) between the total plate count, fecal and total coliforms, Enterococcus sp. and Aeromonas sp. from the samples coming from the zones of San Carlos and Cañas.

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          Microbiological spoilage of fish and fish products.

          Spoilage of fresh and lightly preserved fish products is caused by microbial action. This paper reviews the current knowledge in terms of the microbiology of fish and fish products with particular emphasis on identification of specific spoilage bacteria and the qualitative and quantitative biochemical indicators of spoilage. Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. are the specific spoilage bacteria of iced fresh fish regardless of the origin of the fish. Modified atmosphere stored marine fish from temperate waters are spoiled by the CO2 resistant Photobacterium phosphoreum whereas Gram-positive bacteria are likely spoilers of CO2 packed fish from fresh or tropical waters. Fish products with high salt contents may spoil due to growth of halophilic bacteria (salted fish) or growth of anaerobic bacteria and yeasts (barrel salted fish). Whilst the spoilage of fresh and highly salted fish is well understood, much less is known about spoilage of lightly preserved fish products. It is concluded that the spoilage is probably caused by lactic acid bacteria, certain psychotrophic Enterobacteriaceae and/or Photobacterium phosphoreum. However, more work is needed in this area.
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            Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods

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              The occurrence of human pathogenic Vibrio spp. and Salmonella in aquaculture*

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                alan
                Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición
                ALAN
                Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (Caracas )
                0004-0622
                December 2004
                : 54
                : 4
                : 433-437
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Facultad de Microbiologia
                Article
                S0004-06222004000400010
                8dfce764-a928-4116-8347-89d277e2289c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-0622&lng=en
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Tilapia,microbiological evaluation,Enterococcus sp,Aeromonas sp,Listeria sp,Salmonella spp.,evaluación microbiológica,Listeria sp.,,Salmonella spp

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