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      Efficacy of Telenomuspodisi Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) release for the control of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) eggs in soybean, in Brazil Translated title: Eficacia de la liberación de Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) para el control de huevos de Euchistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) en soja, en Brasil

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de las liberaciones de diferentes cantidades de Telenomus podisi para el control de Euschistus heros en el cultivo de soya. Además, se determinó la productividad entre los tratamientos. Los experimentos fueron conducidos en áreas comerciales de producción de soya, durante el año agrícola 2017/2018. Los experimentos fueron instalados en tres áreas experimentales en diferentes localidades del estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil; Pardinho (Hacienda Santa Fé), Tatuí (Hacienda Dos Lagos) y Angatuba (Hacienda Santa Irene). El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. El análisis estadístico de los datos experimentales aplicado fue la homogeneidad de varianzas (Prueba de Hartley), el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de discriminación de medias de Tukey, al 5% de probabilidad. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: T1- 2,000 huevos /ha; T2- 3.500 huevos/ha; T3- 5.000 huevos/ha; T4- 6.500 huevos/ha; T5-Control (Sin liberación de T. podisi). La liberación de los parasitoides adultos fue realizada manualmente, en el centro de las parcelas. El intervalo de liberación de los parasitoides se realizó a partir de la presencia de dos ninfas y/o adultos promedio de E. heros por metro lineal, entre el final de la fase vegetativa y la maduración fisiológica. Los muestreos de ninfas y adultos de E. heros, fueron realizados en intervalos semanales (1, 7, 14 y 21 días) previamente a las liberaciones de T. podisi. Se evaluó la reducción del número de ninfas y de adultos de E. heros, posterior a la liberación de los parasitoides. Además, se evaluó la productividad entre los tratamientos. La liberación de 6.500 adultos/ha de T. podisi redujo significativamente el número de ninfas y adultos de E. heros y fue más eficaz en relación a los otros tratamientos. La productividad entre los tratamientos evaluados, no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre sí.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of releases of different amounts of Telenomus podisi for the control of Euchistus heros in soybean crops. In addition, productivity was determined between treatments. The experiments were conducted in commercial areas of soybean production during the 2017/2018 crop season. The experiments were installed in three experimental areas in different locations of Sao Paulo state, Brazil; Pardinho (Farm Santa Fe), Tatuí (Farm Dos Lagos), and Angatuba (Farm Santa Irene). The experimental design was that of random blocks with five treatments and five repetitions. The statistical analysis of the experimental data applied was of variance homogeneity (Hartley Test), variance analysis (ANOVA), and Tukey's average discrimination test, at 5% of probability. The treatments evaluated were: T1- 2,000 eggs/ha; T2- 3,500 eggs/ha; T3- 5,000 eggs/ ha; T4- 6,500 eggs/ha; T5- Control (Without T. podisi release). The release of adult parasitoids was carried out manually in the center of the plots. The parasitoid release interval was made from the presence of two nymphs or average adults of E. heros per linear meter, considering the end of the vegetative phase and physiological maturation. The sampling of nymphs and adults of E. heros were performed at weekly intervals (1, 7, 14, and 21 days) prior to the releases of T. podisi. The reduction in the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros, following the release of parasitoids was assessed. Additionally, productivity between treatments was evaluated. The release of 6,500 adults of T. podisi significantly reduced the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros and showed to be more effective regarding other treatments. The productivity between the treatments evaluated did not show significant statistical differences.

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          Most cited references43

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          Review of Phytophagous Pentatomids (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Associated with Soybean in the Americas

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            History and contemporary perspectives of the integrated pest management of soybean in Brazil.

            A. Panizzi (2013)
            The integrated pest management (IPM) of soybean developed and implemented in Brazil was one of the most successful programs of pest management in the world. Established during the 1970s, it showed a tremendous level of adoption by growers, decreasing the amount of insecticide use by over 50%. It included outstanding approaches of field scouting and decision making, considering the economic injury levels (EILs) for the major pests. Two main biological control programs were highly important to support the soybean IPM program in Brazil, i.e., the use of a NPVAg to control the major defoliator, the velvet bean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, and the use of egg parasitoids against the seed-sucking stink bugs, in particular, the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). These two biological control programs plus pests scouting, and the use of more selective insecticides considering the EILs supported the IPM program through the 1980s and 1990s. With the change in the landscape, with the adoption of the no-tillage cultivation system and the introduction of more intense multiple cropping, and with the lower input to divulge and adapt the IPM program to this new reality, the program started to decline during the years 2000s. Nowadays, soybean IPM is almost a forgotten control technology. In this mini-review article, suggestions are made to possibly revive and adapt the soybean IPM to contemporary time.
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              The future of IPM: whither or wither?

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                idesia
                Idesia (Arica)
                Idesia
                Universidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas (Arica, , Chile )
                0718-3429
                March 2022
                : 40
                : 1
                : 77-86
                Affiliations
                [4] orgnameInstituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá orgdiv1Laboratorio de Control Biológico de Plagas Panamá
                [1] Sao Paulo orgnameSao Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" orgdiv1School of Agronomic Sciences Brazil
                [3] Minas Gerais Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Department of Entomology Brazil
                [2] Sao Paulo orgnameSao Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" orgdiv1School of Agronomic Sciences Brazil
                Article
                S0718-34292022000100077 S0718-3429(22)04000100077
                8ed09cdd-940f-44bb-9001-dbd690a32aba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 August 2021
                : 01 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                integrated management of pests,manejo integrado de plagas,parasitoides de huevos,Control biológico aplicado,egg parasitoids,Applied biological control

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