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      Proporção entre plantas de soja e plantas competidoras e as relações de interferência mútua Translated title: Proportion among soybean and competitor plants and the relations of mutual interference

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as habilidades competitivas relativas de plantas de soja e de genótipos competidores por meio do arranjo em série de substituição. Foram realizados seis experimentos na UFRGS, em Porto Alegre-RS, em 2001 e 2002. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco proporções de plantas de soja e do genótipo competidor: 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 e 0:100. A soja foi representada pelos cultivares "IAS 5" e "Fepagro RS 10" e os competidores por nabo ou pelo cultivar de soja "Fundacep 33". Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. A análise da competitividade foi efetuada por meio de diagramas aplicáveis ao arranjo de substituição e interpretação de índices de competitividade. Constatou-se que a proporção entre plantas de soja e de nabo alterou a relação de competição entre essas espécies, mas que a proporção entre plantas de soja de diferentes cultivares não modificou tal relacionamento. O nabo foi mais competitivo que os genótipos de soja "IAS 5" e "Fepagro RS 10", enquanto a competitividade de "Fundacep 33" equivaleu-se à desses cultivares.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to compare the competitive abilities of soybean plants with those of competitor genotypes through the design of replacement series. There were performed six experiments at UFRGS, in Porto Alegre - RS, in 2001 and 2002. The treatments tested were five proportions of plants among soybean and competitor genotypes: 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100. Soybean was represented by the cultivars 'IAS 5' and 'Fepagro RS 10', and the competitors by forage radish or by the soybean cultivar 'Fundacep 33'. The treatments were arranged in a completely random experimental design, with four replications. The competitivity analysis was accomplished through diagrams applicable to the substitutive design and interpretation of competitive indexes. It was proved that the proportion among soybean plants and forage radish plants changed the competition relation among these species, but that the proportion among soybean plants from different cultivars did not altered such relationship. Radish was more competitive than the soybean cultivars 'IAS 5' and 'Fepagro RS 10', whereas the competitivity of 'Fundacep 33' genotype was equivalent to these cultivars.

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          Aspects of the Design and Interpretation of Competition (Interference) Experiments

          The design and analysis of competition experiments should be based on an unambiguous objective. Recent criticisms of particular designs have been made without reference to objectives and may be misleading. Three common designs are discussed: additive, replacement series, and response surface. Additive designs are well suited to agronomic objectives; replacement series are useful for comparing pairs of species; response surface designs can be used for most objectives but may be unnecessarily complex. The published criticisms of additive and replacement series designs are argued to be acceptable limitations within the bounds of the objectives for which they are used. Concerns about these designs confounding density and proportion are irrelevant to the objectives for which they are most suited. The continued use of multiple comparison tests is argued to be illogical. Regression approaches to analysis are more relevant, many non-linear equations are now easy to fit to data and these can be used without the need for linearization. However, there are various pitfalls not adequately reported to date. In particular, error structures need to be checked carefully and over-elaborate equations should be avoided.
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            Methods to Study Interactions Among Crops and Weeds

            Studies of weed and crop competition can be used to predict yield losses from weed presence and to determine optimum levels or periods of weed control. However, competition is a complex phenomenon that is governed by various biological, environmental, and proximity factors. The factors of proximity include plant density, species proportion, and spatial arrangement among individuals. Several experimental methods have been developed that attach different levels of importance to proximity factors. These methods are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Density, proportion, and arrangement of plants influence the outcome of competition experiments and should be incorporated into studies of crop-weed interference, since differing estimates for the effects of weeds on crop productivity can be obtained, depending upon the experimental method used.
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              Statistical Analysis Systems user's guide

              (2004)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cr
                Ciência Rural
                Cienc. Rural
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria )
                1678-4596
                October 2006
                : 36
                : 5
                : 1380-1387
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Centro de Experimentação e Pesquisa Brasil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0103-84782006000500006
                10.1590/S0103-84782006000500006
                8ef0c63a-3ff4-493f-b359-235706350841

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-8478&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY

                Horticulture
                arranjo de substituição,Raphanus sativus,competitivity,substitutive design,competitividade

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