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      Predição do parto prematuro: avaliação sequencial do colo uterino e do teste para proteína-1 fosforilada ligada ao fator de crescimento insulina-símile Translated title: Preterm birth prediction: sequential evaluation of the cervix and the test for phosphorylated protein-1 linked to insulin-like growth factor

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Averiguar a utilidade da medida do comprimento do colo uterino e do teste para proteína-1 fosforilada ligada ao fator de crescimento insulina-símile (phIGFBP-1), realizados de maneira sequencial, na predição do parto prematuro e a existência de correlação entre os testes. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos a análise secundária os dados de 101 gestantes assintomáticas com antecedente de prematuridade. A medida ultrassonográfica do comprimento do colo e o teste para phIGFBP-1 foram realizados em paralelo a cada três semanas, entre a 24ª e a 34ª semana. O melhor valor de corte do colo uterino para cada avaliação foi estabelecido por meio de curva ROC, e ambos os testes foram comparados entre si por meio de testes não paramétricos. Foram obtidas a sensibilidade, a especificidade e os valores preditivos de cada teste e da associação dos exames para a ocorrência de parto antes de 37 semanas. RESULTADOS: Houve 25 partos prematuros (24,8%). O comprimento do colo apresentou maior sensibilidade e foi capaz de predizer o parto prematuro em todas as avaliações, com acurácia semelhante em diferentes idades gestacionais. O teste para phIGFBP-1 não foi útil na 24ª semana, porém foi capaz de predizer independentemente a prematuridade na 27ª à 30ª e 33ª semana. A associação dos exames elevou a sensibilidade (81,8%) e o valor preditivo negativo (93,7%) quando comparada à utilização isolada dos testes. O comprimento cervical médio foi menor em gestantes com teste positivo. CONCLUSÕES: Tanto o comprimento cervical quanto o teste para phIGFBP-1 foram capazes de predizer independentemente o parto prematuro, e a associação sequencial de ambos os exames apresentou elevada sensibilidade e alto valor preditivo negativo.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE: To investigate the usefulness of the measurement of cervical length and of the test for phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (phIGFBP-1) performed sequentially in the prediction of preterm birth and the correlation between tests. METHODS: We analyzed data from 101 asymptomatic pregnant women with a history of premature delivery. The ultrasound measurement of cervical length and phIGFBP-1 test were performed in parallel every three weeks, between 24 and 34 week. The best cutoff value for each cervical evaluation was established by the ROC curve, and the two tests were compared using nonparametric tests. We determined the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each test and of the association of the exams for the occurrence of delivery before the 37th weeks. RESULTS: There were 25 preterm births (24.8%). The cervix length showed the highest sensitivity and was able to predict preterm birth in all evaluations, with similar accuracy at different gestational ages. The test for phIGFBP-1 was not helpful at 24 weeks, but was able to predict prematurity when performed at 27, 30 and 33 weeks. The combination of tests increased the sensitivity (81.8%) and negative predictive value (93.7%) when compared to the separate use of each test. The mean cervical length was lower in women with a positive test. CONCLUSIONS: Both cervical length and the test for phIGFBP-1 were able to predict premature delivery, and sequential combination of both tests showed a high sensitivity and high negative predictive value.

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          Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth

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            Trends in preterm birth and perinatal mortality among singletons: United States, 1989 through 2000.

            Despite the recent increase in preterm birth in the United States, trends in preterm birth subtypes have not been adequately examined. We examined trends in preterm birth among singletons following ruptured membranes, medical indications, and spontaneous preterm birth and evaluated the impact of these trends on perinatal mortality. A population-based, retrospective cohort study comprising 46,375,578 women (16% blacks) who delivered singleton births in the United States, 1989 through 2000, was performed. Rates of preterm birth ( /= 22 weeks plus neonatal deaths within 28 days), before and after adjustment for potential confounders, were derived from ecological logistic regression models. Preterm birth rates increased by 14% (95% confidence interval 13-15%) among whites from 8.3% to 9.4% and decreased by 15% (95% confidence interval 14-16%) among blacks from 18.5% to 16.2% between 1989 and 2000. Among whites, preterm birth following ruptured membranes declined by 23%, medically indicated preterm birth increased by 55%, and spontaneous preterm birth increased by 3%. Among blacks, preterm birth following ruptured membranes declined by 37%, medically indicated preterm birth increased by 32%, and spontaneous preterm birth decreased by 27%. The largest decline in perinatal mortality among whites was associated with increases in medically indicated preterm birth, whereas the largest decline in perinatal mortality among blacks was associated with declines in preterm birth following ruptured membranes and spontaneous preterm birth. Temporal trends in preterm birth varied substantially based on underlying subtype and maternal race. The recent increase in medically indicated preterm birth was associated with a favorable reduction in perinatal mortality.
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              The preterm prediction study: risk factors for indicated preterm births. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

              Preterm births occur for many different reasons. Most efforts to identify risk factors for preterm births either ignore cause and consider preterm births as a single entity or examine risk factors for spontaneous preterm births. We performed this study to examine risk factors for indicated preterm births, which constitute more than one quarter of all preterm births. The study included 2929 women evaluated at 24 weeks' gestation at 10 centers. Information was gathered about demographic factors, socioeconomic status, home and work environments, drug and alcohol use, and medical history. In addition vaginal samples were evaluated for fetal fibronectin and bacterial vaginosis and cervical length was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography. Associations with indicated preterm birth were evaluated by univariate tests and by multivariable analysis with logistic regression. Of the women studied at 24 weeks' gestation 15.3% were delivered of their infants at 30 years (odds ratio 2.42), black ethnicity (odds ratio 1.56), and working during pregnancy (odds ratio 1.49). Alcohol use in pregnancy was actually associated with a lower risk of indicated preterm birth (odds ratio 0.35). The risk factors found in this analysis tend to be different from those associated with spontaneous preterm birth.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbgo
                Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
                Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.
                Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rio de Janeiro )
                1806-9339
                September 2013
                : 35
                : 9
                : 394-400
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0100-72032013000900003
                10.1590/S0100-72032013000900003
                8f22e451-772b-455e-aa3b-4601a3c1e9c6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-7203&lng=en
                Categories
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Premature birth,Risk assessment,Cervix,Cervical length measurement,Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1,Biological markers,Nascimento prematuro,Medição de risco,Colo do útero,Medida do comprimento cervical,Proteína-1 de ligação a fator de crescimento insulin-like,Marcadores biológicos

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