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      Is Open Access

      Lacrimal Gland Amyloidosis in an Elderly Patient

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Localized amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland is a rare disease. We report a case of transthyretin-positive localized amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland in a 74-year-old man with left lacrimal gland swelling. Biopsy of the left lacrimal gland showed extensive deposition of nonstructural eosinophilic material in the secretory gland and ducts, which stained positive with direct fast scarlet. Immunostaining was negative for amyloid A and positive for both globulin light chain (kappa, lambda) and transthyretin. It is necessary to consider the possibility of senile systemic amyloidosis, even if localized amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland is suspected.

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          Most cited references26

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          Frequency and distribution of senile cardiovascular amyloid. A clinicopathologic correlation.

          Atrium, ventricle, aorta, lung, kidney, and rectum were removed at autopsy from 85 consecutive elderly patients (aged 80 years or older) and examined for amyloid with Congo red. All tissues containing amyloid were counterstained with an antiserum specific for amyloid fibril protein ASc1 and studied by immunofluorescence. Three distinct forms of amyloid were found: (1) all patients had senile aortic amyloid; (2) 78 percent of patients had isolated atrial amyloid; and (3) 25 percent of patients had senile cardiac amyloid of the ASc1 type. The cardiac amyloid deposits were small and widely scattered in more than 80 percent of patients with isolated atrial amyloid and in more than 50 percent of patients with ASc1-type amyloid. Of 21 patients with ASc1 amyloid, 19 had extracardiac involvement (lung in 81 percent of cases and rectum in 57 percent of cases). The kidney was not involved in any patient. The mean heart weight, frequency of atrial fibrillation, percentage of patients with heart failure, and frequency of myocardial infarction were increased in patients with cardiac amyloid, but these differences failed to reach statistical significance. There was no difference in the mean left ventricular wall thickness or degree of coronary atherosclerosis.
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            Frequency and distribution of senile cardiovascular amyloid

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              Periocular and orbital amyloidosis: clinical characteristics, management, and outcome.

              To present the clinical features and management outcome in a large series of patients with periocular and orbital amyloidosis. Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. All patients diagnosed with periocular and orbital amyloidosis in 6 oculoplastic and orbital units. Clinical records of all patients were reviewed. Clinical presentation, radiological and histological findings, treatment modalities, and outcome. The study included 24 patients (15 female, 9 male) with a mean age of 57+/-17 years. Nineteen cases were unilateral, and 5 were bilateral. Clinical signs and symptoms included a visible or palpable periocular mass or tissue infiltration (95.8%), ptosis (54.2%), periocular discomfort or pain (25%), proptosis or globe displacement (21%), limitations in ocular motility (16.7%), recurrent periocular subcutaneous hemorrhages (12.5%), and diplopia (8.3%). Seven cases had orbital involvement, and 17 were periocular. Immunohistochemistry in 7 patients showed B cells or plasma cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulin chains that were deposited as amyloid light chains. Only 1 patient was diagnosed with systemic amyloid light chain amyloidosis. Treatment modalities were mainly observation and surgical debulking. During a mean follow-up period of 39 months, 21% showed significant progression after treatment, whereas 79% were stable or showed no recurrence after treatment. Periocular and orbital amyloidosis may present with a wide spectrum of clinical findings and result in significant ocular morbidity. Complete surgical excision is not feasible in many cases, and the goal of treatment is to preserve function and to prevent sight-threatening complications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                COP
                COP
                10.1159/issn.1663-2699
                Case Reports in Ophthalmology
                S. Karger AG
                1663-2699
                2020
                Januar - April 2020
                06 March 2020
                : 11
                : 1
                : 100-105
                Affiliations
                Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
                Author notes
                *Tatsuya Yunoki, Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194 (Japan), yunokiki@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
                Article
                505480 Case Rep Ophthalmol 2020;11:100–105
                10.1159/000505480
                7154250
                8fac5c7d-7a66-4f6f-98f0-6ee407d03ae6
                © 2019 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 23 October 2019
                : 15 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Case Report

                Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
                Localized amyloidosis,Transthyretin,Lacrimal gland

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