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      Potential use of optical coherence tomography in oral potentially malignant disorders: in-vivo case series study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Evidence confirms that the use of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in oral medicine can be a reliable aid for the diagnosis and management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs). Several authors described the ability of this system to detect the structural changes of the epithelia involved by the OPMDs. The purpose of this case series is to provide a suggestion for interpretation of OCT images from different OPMDs, compared to OCT images of healthy tissues.

          Methods

          A sample of 11 OPMDs patients was recruited and analyzed with OCT. The images obtained were then compared with an OCT repertoire image. In this work the reflectance degree was considered, together with the analysis of the increased/decreased thicknesses of the various layers. Keratin Layer (KL), Epithelial Layer (EP), Lamina Propria (LP), Basal Membrane (BM) assessment, for each lesion, was performed.

          Results

          OCT measurements of KL, EP and LP layers, together with BM assessing, should aid the physicians to recognize and describe different oral lesions, relating them to the corresponding oral pathology.

          Conclusion

          More studies like this, on larger samples, are needed to validate the results and provide, in the future, a kind of manual that could guide clinicians to correctly interpret the OCT images in relation to the causing pathologies.

          Trial registration

          The present trial has been registered with ISRCTN (#17,893,224).

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          Most cited references33

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          Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.

          Bridget O’Brien, Ilene Harris, Thomas Beckman … (2014)
          Standards for reporting exist for many types of quantitative research, but currently none exist for the broad spectrum of qualitative research. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and define standards for reporting qualitative research while preserving the requisite flexibility to accommodate various paradigms, approaches, and methods.
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            Oral potentially malignant disorders: A consensus report from an international seminar on nomenclature and classification, convened by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer

            Saman Warnakulasuriya, Omar Kujan, José Aguirre-Urizar … (2020)
            Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of cancers of the lip or oral cavity. This paper presents an updated report on the nomenclature and the classification of OPMDs, based predominantly on their clinical features, following discussions by an expert group at a workshop held by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer in the UK. The first workshop held in London in 2005 considered a wide spectrum of disorders under the term "potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa" (PMD) (now referred to as oral potentially malignant disorders: OPMD) including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa, and dyskeratosis congenita. Any new evidence published in the intervening period was considered to make essential changes to the 2007 classification. In the current update, most entities were retained with minor changes to their definition. There is sufficient evidence for an increased risk of oral cancer among patients diagnosed with "oral lichenoid lesions" and among those diagnosed with oral manifestations of 'chronic graft-versus-host disease'. These have now been added to the list of OPMDs. There is, to date, insufficient evidence concerning the malignant potential of chronic hyperplastic candidosis and of oral exophytic verrucous hyperplasia to consider these conditions as OPMDs. Furthermore, due to lack of clear evidence of an OPMD in epidermolysis bullosa this was moved to the category with limited evidence. We recommend the establishment of a global research consortium to further study the natural history of OPMDs based on the classification and nomenclature proposed here. This will require multi-center longitudinal studies with uniform diagnostic criteria to improve the identification and cancer risk stratification of patients with OPMDs, link them to evidence-based interventions, with a goal to facilitate the prevention and management of lip and oral cavity cancer.
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              Perspectives on oral squamous cell carcinoma prevention—proliferation, position, progression and prediction

              P Thomson (2018)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alessio Gambino: alessio.gambino@unito.it
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health
                Title: BMC Oral Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 August 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 4 August 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 23
                Electronic Location Identifier: 540
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7605.4, ISNI 0000 0001 2336 6580, Department of Surgical Sciences, CIR Dental School, , University of Turin, ; Via Nizzan.230, 10123 Turin, Italy
                [2 ]GRID grid.10776.37, ISNI 0000 0004 1762 5517, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, , University of Palermo, ; Palermo, Italy
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3263
                DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03263-w
                PMC ID: 10403886
                PubMed ID: 37542232
                SO-VID: 8fe22c75-b7af-44b6-92d6-55e46fbc0ab2
                Copyright © © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 25 April 2023
                Date accepted : 28 July 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Università degli Studi di Torino
                Open Access :

                Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Torino within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.

                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: optical coherence tomography,oral soft tissue,oral cancer,oral potential malignant disorders
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: optical coherence tomography, oral soft tissue, oral cancer, oral potential malignant disorders

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