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      Hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme: correlação radiológica, cirúrgica e anatomopatológica Translated title: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: radiological, surgical and anatomopathological correlation

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Introdução: O hemangioendotelioma cutâneo kaposiforme (HEK) é um tumor vascular raro localmente agressivo, visto principalmente em recém-nascidos e crianças. Tem prevalência de 0,91 casos por 100.000 crianças, mais comum nas extremidades. O tratamento de escolha é a ressecção total, todavia muitas vezes não é possível devido à extensão da lesão e associação ao fenômeno de Kasabach-Merritt. Objetivos: Descrever a evolução de caso raro de tumor na região plantar de criança, correlacionando os achados radiológicos, cirúrgicos e histopatológicos. Métodos: Os autores relatam o caso de menino admitido aos cinco anos de idade com lesão cutânea plantar dolorosa recidivada. No exame de ressonância magnética (RMN) apresentava lesão na região plantar posterior medindo 3cmx2cm, superficial à fáscia plantar, no exame de biópsia revelou hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme, sem associação com o fenômeno de Kasabach-Merritt. Foi submetido a procedimento cirúrgico para exérese, apresentou recidiva após seis meses. Foi realizada nova ressecção ampla, reconstrução com retalho plantar e enxerto de pele parcial, obtendo-se margens livres, sem recidiva no seguimento de 15 anos. Conclusão: Os achados clínicos sugeriam fibromatose plantar, a RMN auxiliou na delimitação do tumor, o exame histopatológico com imunohistoquímica confirmaram o diagnóstico de hemangioendotelioma cutâneo kaposiforme. Realizou-se ressecção até a fáscia com recidiva, sendo necessária reabordagem e ressecção até o periósteo com a reconstrução com retalho plantar e enxerto de pele, sem recidiva no seguimento de 15 anos. Os autores chamam a atenção para a ressecção ampla de margens profundas e laterais para controle do crescimento tumoral.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Kaposiform cutaneous hemangioendothelioma (HEK) is a rare locally aggressive vascular tumor, seen mainly in newborns and children. It has a prevalence of 0.91 cases per 100,000 children, being most common in the extremities. The treatment of choice is total resection; however, it is often not possible due to the lesion’s extent and association with the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. Objectives: To describe the evolution of a rare tumor in the plantar region of a child, correlating the radiological, surgical, and histopathological findings. Methods: The authors report the case of a boy admitted at the age of five with a recurrent painful plantar skin lesion. In the magnetic resonance examination (NMR), he presented a lesion in the posterior plantar region measuring 3cmx2cm, superficial to the plantar fascia. In the biopsy examination, he revealed kaposiform hemangioendothelioma without association with the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. He underwent a surgical procedure for excision and presented recurrence after six months. A new broad resection, reconstruction with a plantar flap, and partial skin graft were performed, obtaining free margins, with no recurrence in the 15-year follow-up. Conclusion: Clinical findings suggested plantar fibromatosis, NMR helped in delimiting the tumor, and histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of kaposiform cutaneous hemangioendothelioma. Resection was performed up to the fascia with recurrence, requiring re-approach and resection to the periosteum with reconstruction using a plantar flap and skin graft, without recurrence after 15 years. The authors call attention to the wide resection of deep and lateral margins to control tumor growth.

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          Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the heel with local fasciocutaneous flaps.

          Soft tissue heel defects reconstruction represents a challenge for plastic surgeons because of the poor availability of regional tissue to perform the reconstruction. We divide the heel on the anterior or weight-bearing heel and the posterior or non-weight-bearing heel. Our preferences are the fasciocutaneous instep flap for anterior heel defects and the reverse sural flap for posterior heel defects. We have performed 11 reconstructions of the heel. The complications were total necrosis of 1 instep flap in a previously irradiated patient and 1 case of partial tip necrosis in a reverse sural flap. Functional recovery has been very satisfactory for both procedures. Regional island flaps are for us the first therapeutic option because the skin is similar to the lost one and less time consuming than a free-flap reconstruction.
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            Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma: a review with emphasis on histological differential diagnosis

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              Oral versus high-dose pulse corticosteroids for problematic infantile hemangiomas: a randomized, controlled trial.

              Oral systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for problematic hemangiomas; however, current information is based on anecdotal experience and retrospective studies. We aimed to determine whether systemic steroids are efficacious in proliferating hemangioma and to compare the efficacy and safety of 2 corticosteroid treatment modalities. Twenty patients with problematic hemangiomas of infancy were randomly assigned to either daily oral prednisolone or monthly intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone. Their clinical outcomes (improvement using a visual analog score) and adverse events were compared at 3 months from baseline and 1 year of age. Data on possible surrogate markers of angiogenesis were available for the first 3 months. At 3 months, orally treated patients had a median visual analog score of 70 compared with 12 in the intravenous group. This response pattern was similar at the patients' first birthday: 50.0 vs -1.5. Additional treatment beyond 3 months was needed for 65% of the patients (7 in the intravenous and 6 in the oral group). Six of 8 patients with impaired vision at enrollment had an improved function at 1 year (4 patients in the intravenous group and 3 patients in the oral group). Of the 4 surrogate markers of angiogenesis measured (plasma basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, endoglin, and urine basic fibroblast growth factor), the only 2 that decreased over time were vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 and endoglin. Patients in the oral group had a higher rate of adverse effects, such as hypertension (18.6% vs 13.1%), abnormal cortisol (78% vs 60%), and growth retardation. Systemic corticosteroids are efficacious in stopping the proliferation of hemangiomas. The oral corticosteroids offered more clinical and biological benefit than the pulse steroids with higher risk of adverse effects.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbcp
                Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica
                Rev. Bras. Cir. Plást.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1983-5175
                2177-1235
                March 2021
                : 36
                : 1
                : 91-95
                Affiliations
                [2] Brasília DF orgnameRede Sarah de Hospitais Brasil
                [3] Brasília DF orgnameUNICEUB Brasil
                [4] Brasília DF orgnameFundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde orgdiv1Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde Brasil
                [1] Brasília DF orgnameRede Sarah de Hospitais Brasil
                Article
                S1983-51752021000100091 S1983-5175(21)03600100091
                10.5935/2177-1235.2021rbcp0017
                90add446-67d8-4b3d-99b7-1c2bf61b4015

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 August 2019
                : 10 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relatos de Caso

                Hemangioendothelioma,Hemangioma,Plastic surgery,Surgical pathology,Neoplasms of vascular tissue,Hemangioendotelioma,Cirurgia plástica,Patologia cirúrgica,Neoplasias de tecido vascular

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