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      CoMn 2O 4 Catalyst Prepared Using the Sol-Gel Method for the Activation of Peroxymonosulfate and Degradation of UV Filter 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic Acid (PBSA)

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          Abstract

          In this study, a bimetallic oxide catalyst of cobalt-manganese (CoMn 2O 4) was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and it was then characterized using a variety of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. The obtained novel catalyst, i.e., CoMn 2O 4, was then used as an activator of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the catalytic degradation of a commonly-used UV filter, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) in water. The effects of various factors (e.g., catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, reaction temperature, and pH) in the process were also evaluated. Chemical scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests showed that the •OH and SO 4 •− were the main reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, this study showed that CoMn 2O 4 is a promising catalyst for activating PMS to degrade the UV filters.

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          Efficient degradation of atrazine by magnetic porous copper ferrite catalyzed peroxymonosulfate oxidation via the formation of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals.

          Ying-Hong Guan, Jun Ma, Yue-Ming Ren … (2013)
          Magnetic porous copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) showed a notable catalytic activity to peroxymonosulfate (PMS). More than 98% of atrazine was degraded within 15 min at 1 mM PMS and 0.1 g/L CuFe2O4. In contrast, CuFe2O4 exhibited no obvious catalytic activity to peroxodisulfate or H2O2. Several factors affecting the catalytic performance of PMS/CuFe2O4 were investigated. Results showed that the catalytic degradation efficiency of atrazine increased with PMS and CuFe2O4 doses, but decreased with the increase of natural organic matters concentration. The catalytic oxidation also showed a dependence on initial pH. The presence of bicarbonate stimulated atrazine degradation by PMS/CuFe2O4 at low concentrations but inhibited the degradation at high concentrations. Furthermore, the reactive species for atrazine degradation in PMS/CuFe2O4 system were identified as hydroxyl radical (HO) and sulfate radical (SO4(·-)) through competition reactions of atrazine and nitrobenzene, instead of commonly used alcohol scavenging, which was not a reliable method in metal oxide catalyzed oxidation. Surface hydroxyl groups of CuFe2O4 were a critical part in radical generation and the copper on CuFe2O4 surface was an active site to catalyze PMS. The catalytic degradation of atrazine by PMS/CuFe2O4 was also effective under the background of actual waters.
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            Comparison of halide impacts on the efficiency of contaminant degradation by sulfate and hydroxyl radical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).

            Yi Yang, Joseph J Pignatello, Jun Ma … (2014)
            The effect of halides on organic contaminant destruction efficiency was compared for UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O8(2-) AOP treatments of saline waters; benzoic acid, 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid were used as models for aromatic, alkene, and alkane constituents of naphthenic acids in oil-field waters. In model freshwater, contaminant degradation was higher by UV/S2O8(2-) because of the higher quantum efficiency for S2O8(2-) than H2O2 photolysis. The conversion of (•)OH and SO4(•-) radicals to less reactive halogen radicals in the presence of seawater halides reduced the degradation efficiency of benzoic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. The UV/S2O8(2-) AOP was more affected by Cl(-) than the UV/H2O2 AOP because oxidation of Cl(-) is more favorable by SO4(•-) than (•)OH at pH 7. Degradation of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, was not affected by halides, likely because of the high reactivity of halogen radicals with alkenes. Despite its relatively low concentration in saline waters compared to Cl(-), Br(-) was particularly important. Br(-) promoted halogen radical formation for both AOPs resulting in ClBr(•-), Br2(•-), and CO3(•-) concentrations orders of magnitude higher than (•)OH and SO4(•-) concentrations and reducing differences in halide impacts between the two AOPs. Kinetic modeling of the UV/H2O2 AOP indicated a synergism between Br(-) and Cl(-), with Br(-) scavenging of (•)OH leading to BrOH(•-), and further reactions of Cl(-) with this and other brominated radicals promoting halogen radical concentrations. In contaminant mixtures, the conversion of (•)OH and SO4(•-) radicals to more selective CO3(•-) and halogen radicals favored attack on highly reactive reaction centers represented by the alkene group of 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid and the aromatic group of the model compound, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, at the expense of less reactive reaction centers such as aromatic rings and alkane groups represented in benzoic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. This effect was more pronounced for the UV/S2O8(2-) AOP.
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              Insights into perovskite-catalyzed peroxymonosulfate activation: Maneuverable cobalt sites for promoted evolution of sulfate radicals

              Hongqi Sun, Xiaoguang Duan, Chao Su … (2018)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nanomaterials
                Title: Nanomaterials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-4991
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 May 2019
                Publication date Collection: May 2019
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 774
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; lin15967935943@ 123456163.com (C.L.); sdj6299@ 123456163.com (D.S.); w762601270@ 123456163.com (Z.W.); m18035113969@ 123456163.com (L.Z.); njuzzc@ 123456sina.com (Z.Z.)
                [2 ]Nanhu College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; hanrui826@ 123456163.com (R.H.); tntcs1983@ 123456163.com (J.W.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: fangyingsen@ 123456zjxu.edu.cn (Y.F.); sunping@ 123456zjxu.edu.cn (P.S.); liuhui@ 123456zjxu.edu.cn (H.L.); Tel.: +86-0573-8364-3695 (Y.F. & H.L.); +86-0573-8364-6045 (P.S.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-9066
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3121-3311
                Article
                Publisher ID: nanomaterials-09-00774
                DOI: 10.3390/nano9050774
                PMC ID: 6567013
                PubMed ID: 31137519
                SO-VID: 90efb143-18a0-49c4-b017-f53114c0ba23
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 23 April 2019
                Date accepted : 15 May 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: comn2o4,catalytic degradation,peroxymonosulfate,uv filters,2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (pbsa)
                Data availability:
                Keywords: comn2o4, catalytic degradation, peroxymonosulfate, uv filters, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (pbsa)

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