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      Changes in lower dental arch dimensions and tooth alignment in young adults without orthodontic treatment

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE:

          The aim of this longitudinal study, comprising young adults without orthodontic treatment, was to assess spontaneous changes in lower dental arch alignment and dimensions.

          METHODS:

          Twenty pairs of dental casts of the lower arch, obtained at different time intervals, were compared. Dental casts obtained at T 1 (mean age = 20.25) and T 2 (mean age = 31.2) were compared by means of paired t-test (p < 0.05).

          RESULTS:

          There was significant reduction in arch dimensions: 0.43 mm for intercanine (p = 0.0089) and intermolar (p = 0.022) widths, and 1.28 mm for diagonal arch length (p < 0.001). There was a mild increase of approximately 1 mm in the irregularity index used to assess anterior alignment (p < 0.001). However, regression analysis showed that changes in the irregularity index revealed no statistically significant association with changes in the dental arch dimensions (p > 0.05). Furthermore, incisors irregularity at T 2 could not be predicted due to the severity of this variable at T 1 (p = 0.5051).

          CONCLUSION:

          Findings suggest that post-growth maturation of the lower dental arch leads to a reduction of dental arch dimensions as well as to a mild, yet significant, increase in dental crowding, even in individuals without orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, dental alignment in the third decade of life cannot be predicted based on the severity of dental crowding at the end of the second decade of life.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO:

          o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de um estudo longitudinal em adultos jovens, sem tratamento ortodôntico, as alterações espontâneas do alinhamento da arcada dentária inferior e de suas dimensões.

          MÉTODOS:

          vinte pares de modelos de gesso da arcada inferior foram obtidos em dois tempos. No primeiro exame (T 1), os indivíduos tinham, em média, 20,25 anos; enquanto no segundo exame (T 2) a média de idade foi de 31,2 anos. Comparações entre os tempos T 1 e T 2 foram realizadas usando o teste t pareado (p < 0,05).

          RESULTADOS:

          houve uma redução significativa nas dimensões da arcada - de 0,43mm nas larguras intercaninos (p = 0,0089) e intermolares (p = 0,022) e de 1,28mm para o comprimento diagonal da arcada (p < 0,001). Foi observado um aumento suave, de aproximadamente 1mm, no índice de irregularidade anterior (p < 0,001). Entretanto, a análise de regressão mostrou que as mudanças no índice de irregularidade não revelaram uma associação estatisticamente significativa com as mudanças na arcada dentária (p > 0,05). Além disso, o índice de irregularidade dos incisivos em T 2 não pode ser estimado, devido à severidade dessa variável em T 1 (p = 0,5051).

          CONCLUSÃO:

          esses achados sugerem que a maturação da arcada dentária inferior, pós-crescimento, leva a uma redução das dimensões da arcada e um aumento suave, porém significativo, do apinhamento dentário, mesmo em indivíduos sem tratamento ortodôntico. Assim, o alinhamento dentário na terceira década de vida não pode ser previsto tendo como base a severidade do apinhamento dentário ao final da segunda década de vida.

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          Most cited references76

          • Record: found
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          Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment-first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics.

          Assessment at least 10 years postretention of sixty-five cases previously treated in the permanent-dentition stage with first-premolar extractions, traditional edgewise mechanics, and retention revealed considerable variation among patients. The long-term response to mandibular anterior alignment was unpredictable; no variables, such as degree of initial crowding, age, sex, Angle classification, etc., were useful in establishing a prognosis. Typically, arch width and length decreased after retention, regardless of treatment expansion or constriction. Two thirds of the patients had unsatisfactory lower anterior alignment after retention. Cases that were minimally crowded before treatment usually became more crowded, while initially severe crowding cases usually moderated.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Dimensional changes of the dental arches: Longitudinal study from birth to 25 years

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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Maturation of untreated normal occlusions.

              The dental casts of 65 untreated normal occlusions were evaluated to determine the nature and extent of the developmental maturation process of the normal dentition. Six dental parameters were examined in the mixed dentition (9 to 10 years), early permanent dentition (12 to 13 years), and early adulthood (19 to 20 years). Results showed decreases in arch length and intercanine width; minimal overall changes in intermolar width, overjet, and overbite; and increases in incisor irregularity. Females showed more severe changes than males. The individual changes found were not correlated to changes in any of the other parameters measured. No associations or predictors of clinical value were found. The changes found in a sample of untreated normals were similar in nature but lesser in extent than postretention changes found in a sample of treated cases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dental Press J Orthod
                Dental Press J Orthod
                Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
                Dental Press International
                2176-9451
                2177-6709
                May-Jun 2015
                May-Jun 2015
                : 20
                : 3
                : 64-68
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Specialist in Orthodontics, ABO-PA, Belém, Pará, Brazil
                [2 ]MSc in Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), School of Dentistry, Belém, Pará, Brazil
                [3 ]Adjunct professor, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), School of Dentistry, Belém, Pará, Brazil
                [4 ]Adjunct professor, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), School of Dentistry, Belém, Pará, Brazil. Coordinator, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), postgraduate program in Dentistry. Coordinator, ABO-PA, specialization program in Orthodontics. Belém, Pará, Brazil
                Author notes
                Contact address: David Normando Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil. Rua Augusto Corrêa, no 1, CEP: 66.075-110 E-mail: davidnormando@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                10.1590/2176-9451.20.3.064-068.oar
                4520140
                26154458
                911ebfe3-7996-499f-9cdb-1dba75979f4d

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 June 2014
                : 01 October 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Articles

                malocclusion,dental arch,mandible,maxillofacial development,dental crowding

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