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      Epilepsy surgery in patients with coexisting psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: diagnosis and treatment Translated title: Crises não-epilépticas e cirurgia na epilepsia: uma revisão

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          Abstract

          The prevalence of epileptic seizures among patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures may range from five to fifty percent. Diagnosis of both conditions occurring in association may be difficult and requires both clinical skills and prolonged video-EEG monitoring. Occurrence of seemingly psychogenic events during video-EEG monitoring should be interpreted with caution, and the relative role of both psychogenic and epileptic seizures in day-to-day living should be carefully evaluated for each individual patient. Surgery is not contraindicated in this setting, however patients and family members should be educated about both conditions before surgical decision. Psychogenic seizures and other psychiatric co-morbidities should be properly assessed and treated before surgery. Diagnosis and management of postoperative events (epileptic or psychogenic) is challenging. This difficulty can be minimized by appropriate presurgical management, that includes diagnostic testing, neurologic and psychiatric treatment and patient and family counseling.

          Translated abstract

          A prevalência de crises epilépticas entre pacientes com crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas varia entre cinco e 50%. A diagnóstico desta comorbidade pode ser difícil, e requer experiência clínica, além de monitorização prolongada por vídeo-EEG. A ocorrência de eventos sugestivos de crises não-epilépticas durante a monitorização por vídeo-EEG deve ser interpretada com cautela. O papel relativo de cada uma das co-morbidades na vida diária do paciente deve ser avaliada caso a caso. Não há contra-indicação formal para a cirurgia, contudo pacientes e familiares devem ser esclarecidos acerca de ambos os diagnósticos e as crises psicogênicas e outras comorbidades psiquiátricas devem ser diagnosticadas e tratadas adequadamente antes da cirurgia. O diagnóstico e tratamento de eventos epilépticos ou psicogênicos que ocorram após a cirurgia é ainda mais difícil, porém esta dificuldade pode ser minimizada com uma avaliação pré-operatória cuidadosa, que inclui diagnóstico e tratamento neurológico e psiquiátrico precisos, além de aconselhamento a pacientes e familiares.

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          Most cited references15

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          The EEG in Nonepileptic Seizures

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            Postictal breathing pattern distinguishes epileptic from nonepileptic convulsive seizures.

            To examine postictal breathing pattern in generalized convulsive nonepileptic seizures (GCNES) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and evaluate this feature as a discriminating sign.
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              Psychogenic (nonepileptic) seizures.

              Psychogenic (nonepileptic) seizures are among the most common and serious of all psychogenic neurological disorders. They account for approximately 20% of all intractable seizure disorders referred to comprehensive epilepsy centers and present with a reported annual incidence of approximately 4% that of true epilepsy. These events are serious and disabling. Indeed, compared with patients with true epilepsy, patients with psychogenic seizures exhibit more frequent, severe, and disabling seizures as well as a poorer quality of life. The diagnosis and management of psychogenic seizures remain challenging, although advances in video electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring have improved the ability of physicians to identify these disorders accurately. The prognosis of these patients is still relatively poor, and a good outcome seems dependent on a young age at diagnosis, early diagnosis, less severe psychological comorbidities, and continued follow-up and management by the diagnosing neurologist or clinician. Additional psychological or psychiatric assessment may be beneficial, particularly in elucidating the etiology of the disorder as well as identifying comorbid disorders, and may help in the long-term management of these patients. This review presents the history, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and management of psychogenic seizures, with particular attention to the use of diagnostic testing, including video EEG monitoring.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jecn
                Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology
                J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol.
                Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE) (Porto Alegre )
                1980-5365
                December 2007
                : 13
                : 4 suppl 1
                : 36-38
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1676-26492007000500008
                10.1590/S1676-26492007000500008
                9161e2f9-3409-4a88-b68b-ed95bfd8b548

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1676-2649&lng=en
                Categories
                CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
                NEUROSCIENCES
                PHYSIOLOGY

                Neurology,Anatomy & Physiology,Neurosciences
                pseudocrises,epilepsy surgery,psychogenic nonepileptic seizures,pseudoseizures,video-EEG,treatment,cirurgia de epilepsia,crises não-epilépticas psicogênicas,vídeo-EEG,tratamento

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