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      Larvicidal effects of supercritical extract of Melia azedarach and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis product on late instar of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Translated title: Efecto larvicida de extracto supercrítico de Melia azedarach y Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract The intense use of synthetic products for the control of Aedes aegypti has led to the development of resistance and imposes health risks to other flora and fauna. This study assessed the larvicidal potential of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) fruit extract obtained by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) on second and third instar A. aegypti larvae under laboratory conditions. The assays were performed in disposable cups containing 100 250, 500, 750, 1,000 and 2,000 μg/ml extracts of M. azedarach, and 0.0005, 0.001, 0.0015, 0.002, and 0.0025 g/L of VectoBac WG®; the controls contained only water. Ten active larvae were added to each well, and the number of living larvae was counted each day for 72 h. Treatment efficiency was calculated using Abbott's equation. Insecticidal efficiency increased with M. azedarach extract concentration, with significant effects in the 1,000 and 2,000 μg/mL concentration range. Bti efficiency was 100 % in the first 24 h. The results indicate the possibility of A. aegypti population control using supercritical extracts of M. azedarach.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La utilización de productos sintéticos en el control de mosquitos Aedes aegypti ha inducido en sus poblaciones la resistencia e impone riesgos a la fauna y flora. En este estudio fueron evaluados el efecto del extracto del fruto de Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) obtenido a través del método de extracción con dióxido de carbono supercrítico y el potencial larvicida del Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) sobre los inmaduros de A. aegypti en condiciones de laboratorio. Los ensayos fueron realizados en vasos desechables con 100, 250, 500, 750, 1.000 and 2.000 μg/ml de concentración de extracto de M. azedarach, y 0,0005, 0,001, 0,0015, 0,002 y 0,0025 g/L de VectoBac WG®, y como controles, agua. Para cada vaso fueron adicionadas 10 larvas activas. Los resultados fueron comparados considerando el número de larvas vivas contadas a diario durante 72 h. La eficiencia de los tratamientos probados fue calculada por la ecuación de Abbott. El extracto supercrítico de M. azedarach presentó acción positiva para las concentraciones de 1.000 y 2.000 μg/mL. Para el Bti la eficiencia fue del 100 % en las primeras 24 h. Los resultados indican la posibilidad del control poblacional del A. aegypti a partir del extracto supercrítico de M. azedarach.

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          Plant extracts as potential mosquito larvicides

          Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya ferver, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, etc. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. Application of active toxic agents from plant extracts as an alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times. These are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, their mechanism of action on target population, variation of their larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, polarity of solvents used during extraction, nature of active ingredient and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant derived secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
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            Urbanização e ecologia do dengue

            As mudanças demográficas ocorridas nos países subdesenvolvidos, a partir dos anos 60, geradas por intenso fluxo migratório rural-urbano, resultaram em crescimento desordenado das cidades, nas quais se destacam a carência de facilidades - em particular, de habitação e saneamento básico. Cerca de 20% da população das grandes e médias cidades estão vivendo em favelas, cortiços ou em áreas de invasão. Pela falta de abastecimento de água, há necessidade de armazená-la precariamente, tal como pela ausência de destino adequado do lixo ocorre a proliferação de criadouros potenciais do Aedes aegypti, principal mosquito vetor da dengue, ou seja, depósitos improvisados para água potável e recipientes em que a água é acumulada, constituídos principalmente por latas, plásticos e garrafas usadas. A indústria moderna, por outro lado, privilegia a produção de material descartável. O vírus do dengue tem sua propagação facilitada pela intensidade e freqüência dos meios de transporte, os quais favorecem também a disseminação dos vetores da doença. Estes são alguns dos fatores que tentam explicar o ressurgimento do dengue, a mais importante arbovirose no mundo atualmente e que acomete milhares de pessoas todos os anos.
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              Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) for the control of dengue vectors: systematic literature review.

              To systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), when used as a single agent in the field, for the control of dengue vectors. Systematic literature search of the published and grey literature was carried out using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, WHOLIS, ELDIS, the New York Academy of Medicine Gray Literature Report, Africa-Wide and Google. All results were screened for duplicates and assessed for eligibility. Relevant data were extracted, and a quality assessment was conducted using the CONSORT 2010 checklist. Fourteen studies satisfied the eligibility criteria, incorporating a wide range of interventions and outcome measures. Six studies were classified as effectiveness studies, and the remaining eight examined the efficacy of Bti in more controlled settings. Twelve (all eight efficacy studies and 4 of 6 effectiveness studies) reported reductions in entomological indices with an average duration of control of 2-4 weeks. The two effectiveness studies that did not report significant entomological reductions were both cluster-randomised study designs that utilised basic interventions such as environmental management or general education on environment control practices in their respective control groups. Only one study described a reduction in entomological indices together with epidemiological data, reporting one dengue case in the treated area compared to 15 dengue cases in the untreated area during the observed study period. While Bti can be effective in reducing the number of immature Aedes in treated containers in the short term, there is very limited evidence that dengue morbidity can be reduced through the use of Bti alone. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend the use of Bti as a single agent for the long-term control of dengue vectors and prevention of dengue fever. Further studies examining the role of Bti in combination with other strategies to control dengue vectors are warranted. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcen
                Revista Colombiana de Entomología
                Rev. Colomb. Entomol.
                Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0120-0488
                June 2018
                : 44
                : 1
                : 39-43
                Affiliations
                [1] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil
                [5] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil jacir@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                [4] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil denilso@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                [6] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil cristianombn@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                [3] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil junir@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                [2] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil assunta@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                [7] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil alinebohn@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                [8] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil danielalbeny@ 123456unochapeco.edu.br
                Article
                S0120-04882018000100039
                10.25100/socolen.v44i1.6540
                929186ea-751a-41e8-bda0-64afdf655cfc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 November 2016
                : 12 September 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                Natural products,plant extracts,dengue,mosquito control,Productos biológicos,extractos vegetales,control de mosquitos

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