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      Validation of the Dutch translation of the quality of recovery-15 scale

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          Abstract

          Background

          The 15-item Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scale is strongly recommended as a standard patient-reported outcome measure assessing the quality of recovery after surgery and anesthesia in the postoperative period. This study aimed to validate the Dutch translation of the questionnaire (QoR-15NL).

          Materials and methods

          An observational, prospective, single-centre cohort study was conducted. Patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia completed the QoR-15NL (preoperatively (t1) and twice postoperatively (t2 and t3)) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for general recovery at t2. A psychometric evaluation was performed to assess the QoR-15NL’s validity, reliability, responsiveness, reproducibility and feasibility.

          Results

          Two hundred and eleven patients agreed to participate (recruitment rate 94%), and 165 patients were included (completion rate 78%). The QoR-15NL score correlated with the VAS for general recovery (rs = 0.59). Construct validity was further demonstrated by confirmation of expected negative associations between the QoR-15NL and duration of surgery (rs = -0.25), duration of Post Anesthesia Care Unit stay (rs = -0.31), and duration of hospital stay (rs = -0.27). The QoR-15NL score decreased significantly according to the extent of surgery. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87, split-half reliability was 0.8, and the test–retest intra-class coefficient was 0.93. No significant floor- or ceiling effect was observed.

          Conclusion

          The QoR-15NL scale is a valid, easy-to-use, and reliable outcome assessment tool with high responsiveness for patient-reported quality of recovery after surgery and general anesthesia in the Dutch-speaking population. The QoR-15NL’s measurement properties are comparable to the original questionnaire and other translated versions.

          Trial registration

          not applicable.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-022-01784-5.

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          Most cited references27

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          Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires.

          Recently, an increasing number of systematic reviews have been published in which the measurement properties of health status questionnaires are compared. For a meaningful comparison, quality criteria for measurement properties are needed. Our aim was to develop quality criteria for design, methods, and outcomes of studies on the development and evaluation of health status questionnaires. Quality criteria for content validity, internal consistency, criterion validity, construct validity, reproducibility, longitudinal validity, responsiveness, floor and ceiling effects, and interpretability were derived from existing guidelines and consensus within our research group. For each measurement property a criterion was defined for a positive, negative, or indeterminate rating, depending on the design, methods, and outcomes of the validation study. Our criteria make a substantial contribution toward defining explicit quality criteria for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. Our criteria can be used in systematic reviews of health status questionnaires, to detect shortcomings and gaps in knowledge of measurement properties, and to design validation studies. The future challenge will be to refine and complete the criteria and to reach broad consensus, especially on quality criteria for good measurement properties.
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            Correlation Coefficients

            Correlation in the broadest sense is a measure of an association between variables. In correlated data, the change in the magnitude of 1 variable is associated with a change in the magnitude of another variable, either in the same (positive correlation) or in the opposite (negative correlation) direction. Most often, the term correlation is used in the context of a linear relationship between 2 continuous variables and expressed as Pearson product-moment correlation. The Pearson correlation coefficient is typically used for jointly normally distributed data (data that follow a bivariate normal distribution). For nonnormally distributed continuous data, for ordinal data, or for data with relevant outliers, a Spearman rank correlation can be used as a measure of a monotonic association. Both correlation coefficients are scaled such that they range from -1 to +1, where 0 indicates that there is no linear or monotonic association, and the relationship gets stronger and ultimately approaches a straight line (Pearson correlation) or a constantly increasing or decreasing curve (Spearman correlation) as the coefficient approaches an absolute value of 1. Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals can be used to address the statistical significance of the results and to estimate the strength of the relationship in the population from which the data were sampled. The aim of this tutorial is to guide researchers and clinicians in the appropriate use and interpretation of correlation coefficients.
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              Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                j.c.n.de.vlieger@umcg.nl
                Journal
                BMC Anesthesiol
                BMC Anesthesiol
                BMC Anesthesiology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2253
                1 August 2022
                1 August 2022
                2022
                : 22
                : 243
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Anesthesiology, , University Medical Centre Groningen, ; Hanzeplein 1, 9937 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
                [2 ]GRID grid.10419.3d, ISNI 0000000089452978, Department of Anesthesiology, , Leiden University Medical Centre, ; Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
                [3 ]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Health Psychology, , University Medical Centre Groningen, ; Hanzeplein 1, 9937 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
                Article
                1784
                10.1186/s12871-022-01784-5
                9341122
                35915438
                92bfedf4-4cd9-4d6f-b805-845317b90131
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 15 November 2021
                : 20 July 2022
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                outcome assessment,patient-reported outcome measure,postoperative period,quality of health care,questionnaire

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