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      Genetic analysis of a recently detected urban population of Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae)in Colombia Translated title: Análisis genético de una población urbana de Lutzomyia evansi (Diptera: Psychodidae), recientemente detectada en Colombia

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          Abstract

          Lutzomyia evansi (Núñez-Tovar) is the vector of the parasite Leishmania infantum in rural zones of Northern Colombia. An attempt was made to determine the origin of a recently detected urban population of Lutzomyia evansi by genetically characterizing specimens from seven geographically distinct localities in the Colombian Caribbean. Insect specimens were collected in rural and urban environments of areas endemic for visceral leishmaniasis or free of the disease. Nine polymorphic sites, nine nucleotide haplotypes and a single aminoacid haplotype were found within the 315 bp fragment sequenced, corresponding to the 3' end of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene. Paired genetic distances between the haplotypes, estimated with the Kimura two-parameters model, varied from 0,0032-0,0194. Analysis revealed low genetic variability between specimens from urban and rural localities. Several of the sand flies collected in the city of Sincelejo (department of Sucre), where autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis cases have appeared in recent years, were genetically similar to those of a rural focus of the disease (El Contento, on the neighboring department of Córdoba). The epidemiological implications of this finding for Leishmania infantum transmission in the Colombian Caribbean are discussed.

          Translated abstract

          Lutzomyia evansi (Núñez-Tovar) es el insecto transmisor del parásito Leishmania infantum en zonas rurales del norte de Colombia. Con el propósito de establecer el probable origen de una población urbana del vector, detectada en años recientes, se caracterizaron genéticamente ejemplares de Lutzomyia evansi de siete localidades geográficas del Caribe Colombiano. Los flebotomíneos fueron recolectados en ambientes rurales y urbanos de zonas endémicas y no endémicas de leishmaniasis visceral. Dentro del fragmento secuenciado de 315 pb correspondiente al extremo 3' del gen mitocondrial citocromo b, se encontraron nueve sitios polimórficos, nueve haplotipos nucleotídicos y un solo haplotipo aminoacídico. Las distancias genéticas pareadas entre los haplotipos, estimadas con el modelo de Kimura de dos parámetros, oscilaron entre 0,0032 y 0,0194. El análisis reveló la existencia de una baja variabilidad genética entre especímenes de localidades urbanas y rurales. Varios de los flebotomíneos recolectados en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Sincelejo, departamento de Sucre, donde en años recientes aparecieron casos autóctonos de leishmaniasis visceral, fueron genéticamente similares a los de El Contento, en el cercano departamento de Córdoba, foco rural de la enfermedad. Se discuten las implicaciones epidemiológicas de este hallazgo para la transmisión de Leishmania infantum en el Caribe Colombiano.

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          Lutzomyia evansi, an alternate vector of Leishmania chagasi in a Colombian focus of visceral leishmaniasis.

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            The re-emergence of American visceral leishmaniasis in an old focus in Venezuela. II. Vectors and parasites.

            As part of an epidemiological study in an old focus of American Visceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) in Venezuela (Guayabita, Aragua State), a longitudinal entomological survey (January 1993-June 1994) was carried out. A total of 3,239 males and 6,043 females belonging to 11 phlebotomine sandfly species were collected. The two recognised vectors of AVL in the New World, Lutzomyia evansi and Lu. longipalpis were found to be sympatric. Lutzomyia evansi was the dominant species (86.4%), almost ten fold times more abundant than Lu. longipalpis (10.6%). The two species alternated seasonally: Lu evansi peaked at the end of the rainy season while Lu. longipalpis, almost virtually absent during such period, increased in the dry season. This species seems more greatly influenced by the temperature. Seven of 4,559 Lutzomyia evansi (0.15%) and one of 353 Lu. longipalpis (0.28%) were found positive for suprapyloric promastigotes. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers, all isolates were identified as Leishmania spp. Two cultures from Lu. evansi, IEVA/VE/93/UCNA-2 and IEVA/VE/93/UCNA-3, were established. k-DNA restriction analysis showed high homologies between these isolates and Leishmania chagasi. High hybridization signal with L. chagasi specific kDNA confirmed these results. These findings suggest that Lu. evansi may play a role as vector of visceral leishmaniasis in this area. The identity of the parasite carried by Lu. longipalpis needs to be confirmed.
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              Nuevas herramientas para la clasificación taxonómica de los insectos vectores de leishmaniosis: utilidad de los genes mitocondriales

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rsea
                Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina
                Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent.
                Sociedad Entomológica Argentina (La Plata )
                1851-7471
                June 2009
                : 68
                : 1-2
                : 135-141
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Sucre Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad de Antioquia Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [4 ] Universidad de Antioquia Colombia
                [5 ] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention USA
                Article
                S0373-56802009000100006
                93ecc221-4830-42ac-851c-5026b223abfb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0373-5680&lng=en
                Categories
                ENTOMOLOGY

                Entomology
                Sand flies,Genetics,Lutzomyia evansi,Visceral leishmaniasis,Colombia,Flebotomíneos,Genética,Leishmaniasis visceral

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