12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Real-time PCR quantification and histopathological findings of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in the lungs of pigs slaughtered in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil Translated title: Quantificação por PCR em tempo real e achados histopatológicos da infecção por Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae em pulmão de suínos abatidos na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: Porcine enzootic pneumonia (PES), mainly caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, is the main cause of respiratory problems in pigs. Infection by M. hyopneumoniae leads to production losses and the predisposition of affected animals to secondary infections, which may result in the condemnation of carcasses and organs due to lung lesions at the time of slaughter. The objective of the research was to evaluate the infection by M. hyopneumoniae in pigs submitted to slaughter in São Luís Island/MA, using molecular and histopathological diagnostic methods. One hundred fifty lung samples were collected from inspected (n=65) and non-inspected (n=85) slaughter pigs on São Luís Island, Maranhão, from July 2019 to August 2021. Of the 150 DNA samples collected, 121 showed an amplified product for Cyt B in the PCR assay. Thus, 121 samples were submitted to qPCR of M. hyopneumoniae, of which 44 (36.36%) showed positive results. The mean amount of bacterial load ranged from 1.20 × 101 to 7.20 × 104, with a mean of 1.73 × 104 copies. Of the reagent samples, 81.81% (36 samples) were obtained from non-inspected slaughter, while 18.18% (8 samples) were obtained from slaughterhouses. In the histopathological analysis, 44 positive qPCR samples were evaluated, of which 28 (63.63%) presented results compatible with the main inflammatory process associated with the presence of M. hyopneumoniae, that is, bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia (BALT). Three samples that showed the highest bacterial load (qPCR: 5.63 × 10³, 2.19 × 104 and 7.23 × 104) showed more evident lesions in this study. The microscopic findings associated with the quantifications indicated a relationship between the amount of bacterial load and the presence of microscopic lesions; higher bacterial load in lung tissue is associated with increased histopathologic staining for BALT hyperplasia. In conclusion, the results point to the circulation of the etiological agent in the sampled animals and the need for preventive measures on pig farms in Maranhão with the involvement of producers, sanitary defense and inspection agencies.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: A pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES), causada principalmente pela bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, é a principal causa de problemas respiratórios em suínos. A infecção por M. hyopneumoniae leva a perdas produtivas e a predisposição dos animais acometidos a infecções secundárias, o que pode resultar em condenação de carcaças e órgãos por lesões pulmonares no momento do abate. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a infecção por M. hyopneumoniae em suínos submetidos ao abate na Ilha de São Luís, por meio de métodos diagnósticos moleculares e histopatológicos. Para isso, foram coletadas 150 amostras de pulmão de suínos de abate inspecionado (n=65) e não inspecionado (n=85) na Ilha de São Luís/Maranhão, no período de julho de 2019 a agosto de 2021. Das 150 amostras de DNA coletadas, 121 apresentaram produto amplificado para Cyt B no ensaio de PCR. Assim, 121 amostras foram submetidas à qPCR de M. hyopneumoniae, das quais 44 (36,36%) apresentaram resultados positivos. A quantidade média de carga bacteriana variou de 1,20 × 101 a 7,20 × 104, com média de 1,73 × 104 cópias. Das amostras reagentes, 81,81% (36 amostras) foram obtidas de abate não inspecionado, enquanto 18,18% (8 amostras) foram obtidas em abatedouro. Na análise histopatológica, foram avaliadas 44 amostras positivas para qPCR, das quais 28 (63,63%) apresentaram resultados compatíveis com o principal processo inflamatório associado à presença de M. hyopneumoniae, ou seja, hiperplasia do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio (BALT). Três amostras que apresentaram maior carga bacteriana (qPCR: 5,63 × 10³, 2,19 × 104 e 7,23 × 104) foram mais evidentes neste estudo. Os achados microscópicos associados às quantificações indicaram uma relação entre a quantidade de carga bacteriana e a presença de lesão microscópica; a maior carga bacteriana no tecido pulmonar está associada a maior alteração histopatológica para hiperplasia BALT. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sinalizam para a circulação do agente etiológico nos animais amostrados e a necessidade de medidas preventivas nas criações de suínos do estado do Maranhão com envolvimento dos produtores, órgãos de defesa sanitária e inspeção.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Swine mycoplasmoses

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Electron microscopic observation of the respiratory tract of SPF piglets inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

            Seven hysterectomy derived piglets were repeatedly challenged with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during the first week of life. Samples of trachea, bronchi and lung tissue collected 2-11 weeks post-inoculation (p.i.) were examined using light and electron microscopy. Autoradiography was used to study in more detail the site of M. hyopneumoniae multiplication. Gross lesions were observed in lung tissue and were characterized by hyperplasia of the epithelium and an increased mononuclear cell accumulation in perivascular and peribronchiolar areas. Mild lesions of the trachea and the bronchi, including epithelial hyperplasia and infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory cells, were noted. Electron microscopy showed that, 2-6 weeks p.i., changes in the mid-trachea and bronchi surface consisted of the loss of cilia. Mycoplasmas covered tufts of cilia remaining on the epithelial cell surface. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed that they were predominantly found closely associated with the top of cilia. No specialized terminal structure could be seen and no mycoplasma cells were identified lying free in the lumen nor in close contact with the plasma membrane of cells or microvilli. Some fine fibrils radiating from one mycoplasma to another or to cilia were seen at higher magnification by scanning electron microscopy. Six to eleven weeks p.i., a disrupted epithelial surface lacking cilia was observed. Cells were desquamated and shed into the lumen with cellular remains containing droplets of mucus. Autoradiography revealed that label corresponded to the observed mycoplasma distribution. At the top of cilia, a high density of labeling was visible in the zone of high mycoplasma concentration. Therefore, incorporation of the label in the mycoplasma is proof or their multiplication in the trachea. The intimate association between the mycoplasma and cilia may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by M. hyopneumoniae (swine enzootic pneumonia).
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              An assessment of the duration of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in an experimentally infected population of pigs.

              Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia (EP), a highly prevalent respiratory disease that affects pigs worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae infection can be longer than 185 days; however, the total duration of infection has not been determined yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the duration of M. hyopneumoniae infection in asymptomatic carriers. To achieve our goal, 60 pigs were inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 and the persistence of M. hyopneumoniae in the respiratory tract was assessed by detection of the bacterial DNA in bronchial swabs and the ability of the infected pigs to transmit the pathogen to sentinels. Infection of the inoculated animals was demonstrated by the detection of M. hyopneumoniae DNA in nasal swabs, seroconversion to the bacteria and the onset of dry coughing. Experimentally infected pigs shed M. hyopneumoniae prior to and after the cough was observed. M. hyopneumoniae DNA was detected in 100% of experimentally infected pigs at 94 days post infection (dpi), 61% at 214dpi and 0% at 254dpi. Experimentally infected pigs transmitted the bacteria to sentinels at 80 and 200dpi. Results of this study have demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae infected pigs can be incubatory as well as convalescent carriers of the pathogen and that convalescent carriers can remain infectious for up to 200 days. Total clearance of M. hyopneumoniae in the group was evidenced, demonstrating that duration of M. hyopneumoniae infection lasts less than 254 days.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                2023
                : 43
                : e07233
                Affiliations
                [4] São Luís Maranhão orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal Brazil
                [5] São Luís orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia Brazil
                [6] Jaboticabal orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias orgdiv2Departamento de Patologia Brazil
                [2] São Luís Maranhão orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação Profissional em Defesa Sanitária Animal Brazil
                [3] São Luís Maranhão orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão Brazil
                Article
                S0100-736X2023000100228 S0100-736X(23)04300000228
                10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7233
                94715ca3-c49a-486e-b00e-88e6ffa73225

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 January 2023
                : 11 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Livestock Diseases

                Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,swine enzootic pneumonia,pig farming,Pneumonia Enzoótica Suína,Suinocultura

                Comments

                Comment on this article