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      Damage Control for renal trauma: the more conservative the surgeon, better for the kidney Translated title: Control de daños renal: entr e más conservador sea el cirujano mejor para el riñón

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 , 3 , , 5 , 1 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 6 , 1 , 4 , 1 , 4 , 1 , 4 , 8 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 9 , 10
      Colombia Médica : CM
      Universidad del Valle
      Renal trauma, urinary tract trauma, damage control surgery, hematuria urinary bladder, kidney, nephrectomy, Trauma renal, trauma de vías urinarias, cirugía de control de daños, nefrectomía, Hematuria, Riñón, Vejiga Urinaria

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          Abstract

          Urologic trauma is frequently reported in patients with penetrating trauma. Currently, the computerized tomography and vascular approach through angiography/embolization are the standard approaches for renal trauma. However, the management of renal or urinary tract trauma in a patient with hemodynamic instability and criteria for emergency laparotomy, is a topic of discussion. This article presents the consensus of the Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) from Cali, for the management of penetrating renal and urinary tract trauma through damage control surgery. Intrasurgical perirenal hematoma characteristics, such as if it is expanding or actively bleeding, can be reference for deciding whether a conservative approach with subsequent radiological studies is possible. However, if there is evidence of severe kidney trauma, surgical exploration is mandatory and entails a high probability of requiring a nephrectomy. Urinary tract damage control should be conservative and deferred, because this type of trauma does not represent a risk in acute trauma management.

          Resumen

          El trauma renal y de las vías urinarias se presenta con relativa frecuencia en pacientes con trauma penetrante. El estándar actual de manejo es realizar una evaluación imagenológica, por medio de tomografía computarizada y un abordaje vascular, a través de técnicas de angiografía/embolización. Sin embargo, el manejo de un paciente hemodinámicamente inestable con criterios de laparotomía de emergencia, con hallazgos de trauma renal o de vías urinarias es aún tema de discusión. El siguiente articulo presenta el consenso del grupo de Cirugía de Trauma y Emergencias (CTE) de Cali respecto al manejo del trauma penetrante renal y de vías urinarias mediante cirugía de control de daños. Las características intra quirúrgicas del hematoma perirrenal tales como si es expansivo o si tiene signos de sangrado activo, son puntos de referencia para decidir entre un abordaje conservador, por estudios imagenológicos posteriores. En cambio, si existe la sospecha de un trauma renal severo, se debe realizar exploración quirúrgica con alta probabilidad de una nefrectomía. El manejo de control de daños de las vías urinarias debe ser conservador y diferido, la lesión de estos órganos no representa un riesgo en el manejo agudo del trauma.

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          Most cited references42

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          Hand-held thoracic sonography for detecting post-traumatic pneumothoraces: the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (EFAST).

          Thoracic ultrasound (EFAST) has shown promise in inferring the presence of post-traumatic pneumothoraces (PTXs) and may have a particular value in identifying occult pneumothoraces (OPTXs) missed by the AP supine chest radiograph (CXR). However, the diagnostic utility of hand-held US has not been previously evaluated in this role. Thoracic US examinations were performed during the initial resuscitation of injured patients at a provincial trauma referral center. A high frequency linear transducer and a 2.4 kg US attached to a video-recorder were used. Real-time EFAST examinations for PTXs were blindly compared with the subsequent results of CXRs, a composite standard (CXR, chest and abdominal CT scans, clinical course, and invasive interventions), and a CT gold standard (CT only). Charts were reviewed for in-hospital outcomes and follow-up. There were 225 eligible patients (207 blunt, 18 penetrating); 17 were excluded from the US examination because of battery failure or a lost probe. Sixty-five (65) PTXs were detected in 52 patients (22% of patients), 41 (63%) being occult to CXR in 33 patients (14.2% whole population, 24.6% of those with a CT). The US and CXR agreed in 186 (89.4%) of patients, EFAST was better in 16 (7.7%), and CXR better in 6 (2.9%). Compared with the composite standard, the sensitivity of EFAST was 58.9% with a likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) of 69.7 and a specificity of 99.1%. Comparing EFAST directly to CXR, by looking at each of 266 lung fields with the benefit of the CT gold standard, the EFAST showed higher sensitivity over CXR (48.8% versus 20.9%). Both exams had a very high specificity (99.6% and 98.7%), and very predictive LR+ (46.7 and 36.3). EFAST has comparable specificity to CXR but is more sensitive for the detection of OPTXs after trauma. Positive EFAST findings should be addressed either clinically or with CT depending on hemodynamic stability. CT should be used if detection of all PTXs is desired.
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            Urotrauma: AUA guideline.

            The authors of this guideline reviewed the urologic trauma literature to guide clinicians in the appropriate methods of evaluation and management of genitourinary injuries.
              Bookmark
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              • Article: not found

              Guideline of guidelines: a review of urological trauma guidelines.

              To review the guidelines released in the last decade by several organisations for the optimal evaluation and management of genitourinary injuries (renal, ureteric, bladder, urethral and genital).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Colomb Med (Cali)
                Colombia Médica : CM
                Universidad del Valle
                0120-8322
                1657-9534
                13 May 2021
                Apr-Jun 2021
                : 52
                : 2
                : e4094682
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia
                [2 ] Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia.
                [4 ] Hospital Universitario del Valle Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cali, Colombia
                [5 ] Broward General Level I Trauma Center, Department of Trauma Critical Care, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
                [6 ] Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Colombia
                [7 ] Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Santiago de Chile, Chile
                [8 ] Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
                [9 ] Pisa University Hospital, Department of General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa, Italy
                [10 ] Parma Maggiore Hospital, Department of Emergency Surgery, Parma, Italy
                Author notes
                [Corresponding Author: ] Carlos A. Ordonez, MD, FACS. Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery. Fundación Valle del Lili. Cali, Colombia; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia. Email: ordonezcarlosa@ 123456gmail.com , carlos.ordonez@ 123456fvl.org.co

                Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

                Conflicto de interés: Declaramos que ninguno de los autores tiene algún conflicto de intereses.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-0638
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-7405
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6496-6275
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-3284
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-3359
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-0128
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-263X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-6919
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-2854
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-7636
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-4906
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-8930
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-1434
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-4186
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-9965
                Article
                10.25100/cm.v52i2.4682
                8216050
                34188325
                94e31e45-6d37-4d81-998d-41ecdfe3b5de
                Copyright © 2021 Colombia Medica

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 10, Tables: 12, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Review

                renal trauma,urinary tract trauma,damage control surgery,hematuria urinary bladder,kidney,nephrectomy,trauma renal,trauma de vías urinarias,cirugía de control de daños,nefrectomía,hematuria,riñón,vejiga urinaria

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