Quality of communicating design features for cobalt chromium
removable partial dentures in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

Purpose:

This survey aimed to investigate quality of communicating design features for the construction of cobalt chromium removable partial dentures (RPDs) among dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods:

A survey of nine commercial dental laboratories located in Riyadh was carried out. In each visit, master casts for cobalt chromium RPDs and dentists’ prescriptions were examined. A quality score for the provided instructions was developed and ranged from 0 to 4. A zero score means that no instructions were sent from the dentist for the design of the RPD. A score of 4 means that instructions were provided for the design of four main elements of the RPD, i.e., shape of major connector, type of direct retainers, position of direct retainers, position of dental rests.

Results:

162 dentists’ prescriptions for RPDs and related casts were assessed. The majority of RPD cases were designed by the dental technician alone (64.2%). Shape of the major connector was the most frequent element in dentists’ prescriptions (35.8%). The mean quality score of dentists’ instructions was 0.96 (sd=1.54). 18% of the provided instructions achieved quality score equal to 4. Prescriptions for Kennedy Class III cases achieved significantly higher mean quality score compared to Kennedy Class II cases (p<0.05). 16.7% of the evaluated casts had clearly defined rest seat preparation.

Conclusion:

The results of this survey indicate inadequate quality of communicating the design features of cobalt chromium RPDs among practicing dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The reliance on the dental technician to design the cast RPDs seems to be high.

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Most cited references 43

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Global oral health of older people--call for public health action.

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The aim of this report is (1) to provide a global overview of oral health conditions in older people, use of oral health services, and self care practices; (2) to explore what types of oral health services are available to older people, and (3) to identify some major barriers to and opportunities for the establishment of oral health services and health promotion programmes. A postal questionnaire designed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was distributed worldwide to the Chief Dental Officers or country oral health focal points at ministries of health. WHO received 46 questionnaires from countries (39% response rate). In addition, systematic data were collected from the WHO Global Oral Health Data Bank and the World Health Survey in order to include oral health information on the remaining countries. In total, the data base covers 136 out 193 countries, i.e., 71% of all WHO Member States. Dental caries and periodontal disease comprise a considerable public health problem in the majority of countries. Significant disparities within and between regions are observed in epidemiologic indicators of oral disease. The prevalence rates of tooth loss and experience of oral problems vary substantially by WHO Region and national income. Experience of oral problems among older people is high in low income countries; meanwhile, access to health care is poor, in particular in rural areas. Although tooth brushing is the most popular oral hygiene practice across the world, regular tooth brushing appears less common among older people than the population at large. In particular, this practice is less frequent in low income countries; in contrast, traditional oral self-care is prevalent in several countries of Africa and Asia. While fluoridated toothpaste is widely used in developed countries, it is extremely infrequent in most developing countries. Oral health services are available in developed countries; however, the use of such services is low among the older people. Lack of financial support from government and/or lack of third party payment systems render oral health services unaffordable to them. According to the country reports, health promotion programmes targeting older people are rare and this reflects the lack of oral health policies. Although some countries have introduced oral health promotion initiatives, worldwide there are few population-oriented preventive or curative activities currently implemented that focus specifically on the elderly. Barriers to the organization of such programmes relate to weak national health policy, lack of economic resources, the impact of poor oral health, and lack of tradition in oral health. Opportunities for oral health programmes for old-age people are related to updated information on the burden of oral disease and need for care, fair financing of age-friendly primary health care, integration of oral health into national health programmes, availability of oral health services, and ancillary personnel. It is highly recommended that countries establish oral health programmes to meet the needs of the elderly. Relevant and measurable goals must be defined to direct the selection of suitable interventions to improve their oral health. The common risk factors approach must be applied in public health interventions for disease prevention. The integration of oral health into national general health programmes may be effective to improve the oral health status and quality of life of this population group.

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What are the prevalence and incidence of tooth loss in the adult and elderly population in Europe?

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The purpose of this review was to study the prevalence and incidence of edentulism and tooth loss in European countries. A literature search was performed by means of Medline/PubMed using various combinations of keywords concerning prevalence and incidence of tooth loss and edentulism, complemented by a hand search. Inclusion criteria were cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical and questionnaire studies of representative or random samples of >/=100 subjects at the initial examination. Sixty articles were identified; the hand search gave 13 more references. This literature review demonstrated that there is a lack of epidemiological studies on edentulism and tooth loss in many countries in Europe. The quality of available data varied considerably. There is a documented decline of edentulism with still great differences in prevalence between countries, between geographical regions within countries and between groups with various backgrounds. The mean number of lost teeth increases with age. In several countries many dentate subjects aged 60 years and over still have reduced dentitions possibly needing prosthodontic treatment. The incidence of tooth loss is low but with geographical variation between age groups, and there is a trend for decreasing incidence over the last decades. A great number of variables are associated with tooth loss, and there is no consensus whether dental disease related or socio-behavioural factors are the most important risk factors. Institutionalised elderly people have, in general, more compromised oral health, including fewer teeth, than those at the same age living freely. Tooth loss and edentulism are declining at least in those European countries where reliable data are available. However, the WHO goal of retaining at least 20 teeth at the age of 80 years has not yet been met but is being approached in some countries.

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Adult Dental Health Survey 2009: common oral health conditions and their impact on the population.

D A White, G Tsakos, N Pitts … (2012)

Data from the Adult Dental Survey conducted in 2009/10 have recorded some major changes in the pattern of oral conditions in British adults. The change in the number of sound and untreated teeth in recent decades has been particularly marked in younger adults. Across all ages there were 17.9 sound and untreated teeth per dentate adult, but among the youngest (16-24-year-olds) it was 26.9 teeth indicating rapidly improving prospects for young adults compared with their predecessors. Between 1998 and 2009 the overall prevalence of caries of all types in England has fallen dramatically from 54% to 31% overall, but the number of teeth affected by caries among those people affected by decay is almost unchanged at around 2.7 affected teeth per person. Caries, and the reduction in caries, affected people of all ages. The rate of new restorations is correspondingly low and young adults in particular had fewer restorations than their predecessors. Much activity is now likely to be around repairing or extending existing restorations. By contrast 37% of dentate adults had crowns, up from 34% in 1998, averaging around three crowns per person among those who have crowns. A minority of British adults had a very healthy periodontal status (17%) and moderate periodontal disease (pockets of 4 mm to less than 6 mm) has also reduced markedly in the last decade, in line with measurably less plaque and more frequent brushing. However, more severe disease has increased slightly (from 6% to 9% of adults). The frequency of impact of poor oral health on people's lives has also reduced in the last decade. However, while clinical conditions are improving, there is a proportion of dentate adults that experience negative effects on their daily life frequently (16%) and/or severely (17%) due to their oral health; who are more likely to be those in a lower socioeconomic position and those with worse clinical status in terms of caries and periodontal disease.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur Oral Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): Eur Oral Res

Journal ID (hwp): eor

Journal ID (pmc): eor

Journal ID (publisher-id): IUFD

Title: European Oral Research

Publisher: Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry (Istanbul, Turkey )

ISSN (Print): 2630-6158

ISSN (Electronic): 2651-2823

Publication date (Print, pub): 01 September 2020

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 01 September 2020

Volume: 54

Issue: 3

Pages: 123-129

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences,College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

[2 ]Dental Department, Ministry of Health, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia

Author notes

[* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Mohammad Zakaria Nassani edu Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences,College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia mznassani@ 123456hotmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: eor-54-3-2019-0117

DOI: 10.26650/eor.20200117

PMC ID: 7837710

SO-VID: 950456c8-5d57-4088-af1d-4c836de8e0b1

License:

This article is licensed under Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Users may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the journal endorses its use. The material cannot be used for commercial purposes. If the user remixes, transforms, or builds upon the material, he/she may not distribute the modified material. No warranties are given. The license may not give the user all of the permissions necessary for his/her intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how the material can be used.

History

Date received : 09 October 2019

Date revision received : 20 January 2020

Date accepted : 14 April 2020

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Quality of communicating design features for cobalt chromium removable partial dentures in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

Purpose:

Materials and methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 43

Global oral health of older people--call for public health action.

What are the prevalence and incidence of tooth loss in the adult and elderly population in Europe?

Adult Dental Health Survey 2009: common oral health conditions and their impact on the population.

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Cited by 2

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