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      Caracterización, modelación morfológica y análisis proximales de Opuntia ficus-indica y O. atropes durante las épocas de estiaje y lluvias Translated title: Characterization, morphological modeling and proximate analysis of Opuntia ficus-indica and O. atropes during the dry and rainy seasons

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo fue caracterizar y modelar esquemáticamente los indicadores morfológicos (largo, ancho y grueso) y análisis proximal de las especies Opuntia atropes y O. ficus-indica durante la época de estiaje y lluvias. La investigación se realizó en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-UMSNH. Se obtuvieron cladodios de ambas especies y épocas del año de dos parcelas: parcela con prácticas culturales (PCP) y sin prácticas culturales (PSP). Se seleccionaron al azar 30 plantas/especie/parcela (15/época) y se muestrearon 60 cladodios: 50% por nivel (3er y 4to nivel); 40 de O. ficus-indica (20 en PCP y 20 en PSP), mientras que en O. atropes, fueron 20 cladodios en PSP. Se obtuvieron los indicadores morfológicos y bromatológicos/especie, nivel y época. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante Modelos de Efectos Fijos y las diferencias estadísticas (α=0.05) entre parcelas, especies y época, se obtuvieron a través de medias ajustadas por mínimos cuadrados. Se encontró que el peso fresco, en estiaje fue mayor (P<0.05) en O. ficus-indica en PSP (1.59 ±0.25 kg) que en lluvias (0.85 ±0.18 kg); sin embargo, el valor nutricional aumentó en el estiaje, específicamente en extracto etéreo (2.97 ±1.04%) y en extracto libre de nitrógeno (64.17 ±2.36%). Los cladodios de O. atropes presentaron indicadores morfológicos de menor magnitud (P<0.05) que O. ficus-indica. Las características nutricionales de O. atropes fueron similares a O. ficus-indica en el estiaje: proteína cruda, 4.70 y 5.64%; extracto etéreo, 0.53 y 0.57%; extracto libre de nitrógeno, 42.18 y 40.82% para O. atropes y O. ficus-indica, respectivamente. El peso fresco y la fibra cruda de O. ficus-indica disminuye en época de lluvias, mientras que el contenido de grasa y carbohidratos se incrementa en dicha época. Pero, la proteína cruda permanece estable en ambas épocas del año. Por su parte, O. atropes presenta características morfológicas de menor magnitud que O. ficus-indica. Sin embargo, sus características nutricionales son similares a esta, tanto en época de lluvias como en estiaje.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The aim of this research was to characterize and to model schematically morphological indicators (long, wide and thick) and the proximate analysis of the species Opuntia atropes and Opuntia ficus-indica during rainy and dry seasons. This research was made at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-UMSNH. Cladodes from both species and seasons were obtained from two plots: a plot with cultural practices (PCP) and a plot without cultural practices (PSP). 30 plants/species/plot (15/season) were selected randomly and 60 cladodes were sampled: 50% by level (3rd and 4th level); 40 of O. ficus-indica (20 in PCP and 20 in PSP) and 20 cladodes of O. atropes in PSP. The morphological and proximate indicators for each species, levels and seasons were obtained. The statistical analysis was performed by the Fixed Effect Model and statistical differences (α=0.05), between plots, species and seasons, were calculated by comparing the least square means. Results showed that the mean fresh weight was greater during dry season (P<0.05) in O. ficus-indica in PSP (1.59 ±0.25 kg) than in rainy season (0.85 ±0.18 kg), however, the nutritional value increased during dry season, specifically in ether extract (2.97 ±1.04%) and in nitrogen free extract (64.17 ±2.36%). Cladodes of O. atropes showed morphological indicators of smaller magnitude (P<0.05) than O. ficus-indica. In addition to this, nutritional characteristics of both species were similar during dry season as follows: crude protein, 4.70 and 5.64%; ether extract, 0.53 and 0.57%; nitrogen free extract, 42.18 and 40.82% for O. atropes and O. ficus-indica, respectively. The fresh weight and the crude fiber of O. ficus-indica decreases in the rainy season, while the fat and carbohydrates is increased in that time, but the crude protein values remains stable for both seasons. Meanwhile, O. atropes showed morphological characteristics of lesser magnitude than O. ficus-indica. However, their nutritional characteristics are similar to this, both in rainy and dry season.

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          SAS for Mixed Models

          The indispensable, up-to-date guide to mixed models using SAS®. Discover the latest capabilities available for a variety of applications featuring the MIXED, GLIMMIX, and NLMIXED procedures in this valuable edition of the comprehensive mixed models guide for data analysis, completely revised and updated for SAS®9. The theory underlying the models, the forms of the models for various applications, and a wealth of examples from different fields of study are integrated in the discussions of these models: random effect only and random coefficients models split-plot, multilocation, and repeated measures models hierarchical models with nested random effects analysis of covariance models spatial correlation models generalized linear mixed models nonlinear mixed models Professionals and students with a background in two-way ANOVA and regression and a basic knowledge of linear models and matrix algebra will benefit from the topics covered. Includes a free CD-ROM with example SAS code!
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              Chemical Analysis of Nutritional Content of Prickly Pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at Varied Ages in an Organic Harvest

              Opuntia ficus indica, also known as prickly pads, are an important part of the human diet and are also used as forage for livestock. This is an interesting vegetable due the environmental conditions in which it grows and its resistance to climatic extremes; however, little is known about its nutritional properties, especially in the later stages of maturity. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of organic prickly pads (Opuntia ficus indica) at differing stages of growth maturity. Chemical proximate analysis and mineral constituent analysis at different maturation stages were carried out in this investigation. As a result, older prickly pads were found to be an important source of nutritional components such as calcium.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ns
                Nova scientia
                Nova scientia
                Universidad de La Salle Bajío A. C., Coordinación de Investigación (León, Guanajuato, Mexico )
                2007-0705
                2015
                : 7
                : 15
                : 133-152
                Affiliations
                [3] Morelia orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Chapingo Mexico
                [2] Uruapan orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo orgdiv1Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez” Mexico
                [1] Uruapan orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo orgdiv1Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez” Mexico
                [4] Morelia Michoacán orgnameUMSNH orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Mexico
                Article
                S2007-07052015000300133
                10.21640/ns.v7i15.312
                951f2e08-a248-492d-8b45-caaf7da2bb29

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 April 2015
                : 30 August 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 20
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                SciELO Mexico


                season,proximate analysis,cultural practices,Opuntia ssp,época,análisis proximal,prácticas culturales,Opuntia spp

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