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      Morphological identification of Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Kogia sima (Cetacea: Kogiidae) from Brazilian waters Translated title: Identificação morfológica de Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) em Kogia sima (Cetacea: Kogiidae) em águas brasileiras

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          Abstract

          New morphological, morphometric and scanning electron microscopy data of a nematode of the family Anisakidae, recovered from a specimen of Kogia sima, a cetacean that died off the northern coast of Brazil, are presented in this paper. Morphological features such as the violin-shaped ventricle and short and equal spicules, as well as the distribution of post-cloacal papillae and specificity for the definitive host (Kogiidae cetaceans) demonstrate similarity to Skrjabinisakis paggiae. This research records Kogia sima and S. paggiae on the estuarine coast of Pará, northern Brazil.

          Resumo

          São apresentados, neste trabalho, novos dados morfológicos, morfométricos e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de um nematoide da família Anisakidae, recuperado de Kogia sima, um cetáceo que veio a óbito na costa norte do Brasil. Características morfológicas, como o ventrículo em forma de violino, espículos curtos e iguais, além da distribuição de papilas pós-cloacais e especificidade pelo hospedeiro definitivo (cetáceos Kogiidae) demonstram similaridade a Skrjabinisakis paggiae. Esta pesquisa registra Kogia sima e S. paggiae na costa estuarina paraense, norte do Brasil.

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          Most cited references48

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          Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission.

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            Advances and trends in the molecular systematics of anisakid nematodes, with implications for their evolutionary ecology and host-parasite co-evolutionary processes.

            The application of molecular systematics to the anisakid nematodes of the genera Anisakis, Pseudoterranova and Contracaecum, parasites of aquatic organisms, over the last two decades, has advanced the understanding of their systematics, taxonomy, ecology and phylogeny substantially. Here the results of this effort on this group of species from the early genetic works to the current status of their revised taxonomy, ecology and evolutionary aspects are reviewed for each of three parasitic groups. It has been shown that many anisakid morphospecies of Anisakis, Contracaecum and Pseudoterranova include a certain number of sibling species. Molecular genetic markers provided a rapid, precise means to screen and identify several species that serve as definitive and intermediate and or/paratenic hosts of the so far genetically characterized species. Patterns of differential distribution of anisakid nematodes in various definitive and intermediate hosts are presented. Differences in the life history of related species can be due both to differential host-parasite co-adaptation and co-evolution, and/or to interspecific competition, that can reduce the range of potential hosts in sympatric conditions. Phylogenetic hypotheses attempted for anisakid nematodes and the possible evolutionary scenarios that have been proposed inferred from molecular data, also with respect to the phylogeny of their hosts are presented for the parasite-host associations Anisakis-cetaceans and Contracaecum-pinnipeds, showing that codivergence and host-switching events could have accompanied the evolution of these groups of parasites. Finally, examples in which anisakid nematodes recognized genetically at the species level in definitive and intermediate/paratenic hosts from various geographical areas of the Boreal and Austral regions and their infection levels have been used as biological indicators of fish stocks and food-web integrity in areas at high versus low levels of habitat disturbance (pollution, overfishing, by-catch) are presented.
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              Nematóides do Brasil. Parte V: nematóides de mamíferos

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Bras Parasitol Vet
                Rev Bras Parasitol Vet
                rbpv
                Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária / Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology
                Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária
                0103-846X
                1984-2961
                13 November 2023
                2023
                : 32
                : 4
                : e013423
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalLaboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
                [2 ] originalLaboratório e Museu de Zoologia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Elane Guerreiro Giese. E-mail: lheaufra@ 123456gmail.com

                Ethics declaration: The material was collected during the necropsy of the specimen and later deposited in the didactic collection of the Zoology Museum at UFRA and made available for study, which justifies the waiver of authorization to use the material.

                Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-5017
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-1109
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-1334
                Article
                rbpvAO13423_EN 00304
                10.1590/S1984-29612023064
                10704868
                37971024
                95444b62-d0c0-45ea-b740-02f9b7c946e0

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 August 2023
                : 14 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 44
                Funding
                Funded by: CNPq
                Award ID: #313763/2020-8
                Categories
                Original Article

                nematode,parasite,dwarf sperm whale,amazon estuary,nematoide,parasito,cachalote anão,estuário amazônico

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