Soft‐Nanoparticle Functionalization of Natural Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

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Abstract

Tissue engineering has emerged as an important research area that provides numerous research tools for the fabrication of biologically functional constructs that can be used in drug discovery, disease modeling, and the treatment of diseased or injured organs. From a materials point of view, scaffolds have become an important part of tissue engineering activities and are usually used to form an environment supporting cellular growth, differentiation, and maturation. Among various materials used as scaffolds, hydrogels based on natural polymers are considered one of the most suitable groups of materials for creating tissue engineering scaffolds. Natural hydrogels, however, do not always provide the physicochemical and biological characteristics and properties required for optimal cell growth. In this review, we discuss the structure and properties of widely used natural hydrogels. In addition, we present methods of modulation of their physicochemical and biological properties using soft nanoparticles as fillers or reinforcing agents.

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Hydrogels, due to their unique biocompatibility, flexible methods of synthesis, range of constituents, and desirable physical characteristics, have been the material of choice for many applications in regenerative medicine. They can serve as scaffolds that provide structural integrity to tissue constructs, control drug and protein delivery to tissues and cultures, and serve as adhesives or barriers between tissue and material surfaces. In this work, the properties of hydrogels that are important for tissue engineering applications and the inherent material design constraints and challenges are discussed. Recent research involving several different hydrogels polymerized from a variety of synthetic and natural monomers using typical and novel synthetic methods are highlighted. Finally, special attention is given to the microfabrication techniques that are currently resulting in important advances in the field.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Advanced Healthcare Materials

Abbreviated Title: Adv. Healthcare Mater.

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN (Print): 2192-2640

ISSN (Electronic): 2192-2659

Publication date Created: August 12 2019

Publication date Created: September 2019

Publication date (Electronic): August 12 2019

Publication date (Print): September 2019

Volume: 8

Issue: 18

Page: 1900506

Affiliations

[1 ]LIBioUniversité de Lorraine F‐54000 Nancy France

[2 ]Department of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68508 USA

[3 ]Departments of Biomedical and Chemical EngineeringDepartments of Pediatrics and SurgeryDell Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

[4 ]Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine ProgramUniversity of Nebraska‐Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA