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Abstract
We performed a retrospective, cohort study to evaluate the impact on recipient survival
of ABO incompatibility between recipient and donor after allogeneic stem cell transplantation,
primarily involving marrow-derived cells. No statistically significant difference
was noted in survival for 153 patients with acute or chronic leukemia or myelodysplastic
syndrome receiving ABO identical or ABO mismatched allografts. Five patients who had
allografts that were bidirectionally incompatible (both donor cells and plasma incompatible)
did have significantly poorer survival than the other recipients, similar to the experience
reported in one other cohort study. However, these patients had other risks for mortality,
including being older and receiving transplants from matched, unrelated donors. Our
data do not support a significant role for ABO donor-recipient matching in allogeneic
stem cell transplantation.