For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
25
views
27
references
 Top references
cited by
2
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
2 collections
    0
    shares
      359
      similar
       All similar

      To submit your article in one of the AboutScience Journals, please check the Submission Guidelines -  AboutScience.

       

      Does your research fit this journal?  Find out here and submit now!

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Influence of Pre-Analytical Factors on Thymus- and Activation-Regulated Chemokine Quantitation in Plasma

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in serum/plasma associates with the disease activity of atopic dermatitis (AD), and is a promising tool for assessing the response to the treatment of the disease. TARC also exists within platelets, with elevated levels detectable in AD patients. We examined the effects of pre-analytical factors on the quantitation of TARC in human EDTA plasma. TARC levels in platelet-free plasma were significantly lower than those in platelet-containing plasma. After freeze-thaw, TARC levels increased in platelet-containing plasma, but remained unchanged in platelet-free plasma, suggesting TARC was released from the platelets during the freeze-thaw process. In contrast, TARC levels were stable in serum independent of freeze-thaw. These findings underscore the importance of pre-analytical factors to TARC quantitation. Plasma TARC levels should be measured in platelet-free plasma for accurate quantitation. Pre-analytical factors influence the quantitation, interpretation, and implementation of circulating TARC as a biomarker for the development of AD therapeutics.

          Related collections

          Most cited references27

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index. Consensus Report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis.

          A-M Calza, R Lever, DJ Atherton … (1993)
          Assessment methods for atopic dermatitis (AD) are not standardized, and therapeutic studies are difficult to interpret. To obtain a consensus on assessment methods in AD and to use a statistical method to develop a composite severity index. Consensus definitions were given for items used in the scoring system (extent, intensity, subjective) and illustrated for intensity items. Slides were reviewed to address within- and between-observer variability by a group of 10 trained clinicians, and data were statistically evaluated with a two-way analysis of variance. Two variants of an assessment system were compared in 88 patients at 5 different institutions. Data were analyzed using principal-component analysis. For 5 intensity items studied (erythema, edema/papulation, oozing/crusts, excoriations, lichenification), within- and between-observer variability was good overall, except for edema/papulation which was difficult to assess with slides. In the series of 88 patients, principal-component analysis allowed to extract two unrelated components: the first one accounting for 33% of total variance was interpreted as a 'severity' component; the second one, accounting for 18% of variance, was interpreted as a 'profile' component distinguishing patients with mostly erythema and subjective symptoms and those with mostly lichenification and dryness and lower subjective symptoms. Of the two evaluation systems used, the one using the rule of nine to assess extent was found more workable than the one using a distribution x intensity product. A scoring index (SCORAD) combining extent, severity and subjective symptoms was mathematically derived from the first system and showed a normal distribution of the population studied. The final choice for the evaluation system was mostly made based on simplicity and easy routine use in outpatient clinics. Based on mathematical appreciation of weights of the items used in the assessment of AD, extent and subjective symptoms account for around 20% each of the total score, intensity items representing 60%. The so-designed composite index SCORAD needs to be further tested in clinical trials.
          Article 0 comments Cited 254 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The chemokine superfamily revisited.

            Albert Zlotnik, Osamu Yoshie (2012)
            The chemokine superfamily consists of a large number of ligands and receptors. At first glance, this family appears redundant and their ligand-receptor relationships promiscuous, making its study challenging. However, analyzing this family from the evolutionary perspective greatly simplifies understanding both the organization and function of this apparently complex system. In particular, the functions of a subgroup of chemokines (designated homeostatic chemokines) have played pivotal roles in advancing our understanding of the organization and function of the cellular networks that shape the immune system. Here, we update the full scope of the human and mouse chemokine superfamilies and their relationships and summarize several important roles that homeostatic chemokines play in the immune system. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
            Article 0 comments Cited 243 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Rapid and coordinated switch in chemokine receptor expression during dendritic cell maturation

              Federica Sallusto, Patrick Schaerli, Pius Loetscher … (1998)
              Dendritic cells (DC) migrate into inflamed peripheral tissues where they capture antigens and, following maturation, to lymph nodes where they stimulate T cells. To gain insight into this process we compared chemokine receptor expression in immature and mature DC. Immature DC expressed CCR1, CCR2, CCR5 and CXCR1 and responded to their respective ligands, which are chemokines produced at inflammatory sites. Following stimulation with LPS or TNF-alpha maturing DC expressed high levels of CCR7 mRNA and acquired responsiveness to the CCR7 ligand EBI1 ligand chemokine (ELC), a chemokine produced in lymphoid organs. Maturation also resulted in up-regulation of CXCR4 and down-regulation of CXCR1 mRNA, while CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA were only marginally affected for up to 40 h. However, CCR1 and CCR5 were lost from the cell surface within 3 h, due to receptor down-regulation mediated by chemokines produced by maturing DC. A complete down-regulation of CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA was observed only after stimulation with CD40 ligand of DC induced to mature by LPS treatment. These different patterns of chemokine receptors are consistent with "inflammatory" and "primary response" phases of DC function.
              Article 0 comments Cited 176 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Circ Biomark
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Circ Biomark
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CBX
                Journal ID (hwp): spcbx
                Title: Journal of Circulating Biomarkers
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1849-4544
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 October 2015
                Publication date Collection: Jan-Dec 2015
                Volume: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Translational Molecular Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA
                [2 ] Translational Sciences, Biomarkers & Companion Diagnostics, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Edison, NJ, USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Corresponding author(s) E-mail: xuemei_zhao@ 123456merck.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.5772_61749
                DOI: 10.5772/61749
                PMC ID: 5572979
                SO-VID: 96679093-26c1-4ddd-90b5-401a7e1849d9
                Copyright © © 2015 Author(s). Licensee InTech.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 April 2015
                Date accepted : 01 October 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research Article
                Custom metadata
                cover-date January-December 2015

                Keywords: pharmacodynamic biomarker,pre-analytical factors,platelet-free plasma,platelet-containing plasma,freeze-thaw,thymus,activation-regulated chemokine,atopic dermatitis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pharmacodynamic biomarker, pre-analytical factors, platelet-free plasma, platelet-containing plasma, freeze-thaw, thymus, activation-regulated chemokine, atopic dermatitis

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content359

                See all similar

                Cited by2

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors503

                See all reference authors