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      Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and Leishmania sp. in domestic cats in the Midwest of Brazil Translated title: Infecção por Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV), vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e Leishmania sp. em gatos domésticos no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: This search aimed to investigate FIV and FeLV infections in domestic cats, analysing the epidemiological profile of the disease as well as additional infection with Leishmania sp. We evaluated 88 domestic cats for the presence of FIV, FeLV and Leishmania sp. infection. Eleven (12.5%) cats were positive for FIV infection, four (4.5%) were positive for FeLV, and two were co-infected. However, none was infected with Leishmania sp. The prevalence for FIV infection was higher than FeLV, and those observed in other regions, but no factor was associated with the infection by FIV and FeLV in this study.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de investigar a infecção em gatos domésticos por FIV e FeLV, analisando o perfil epidemiológico destas doenças, assim como a infecção por Leishmania sp. Oitenta e oito gatos domésticos foram avaliados pesquisando a infecção por FIV, FeLV e Leishmania sp. Onze (12,5%) gatos foram positivos para infecção por FIV, quatro (4,5%) para FeLV, e dois gatos apresentaram co-infecção pelos dois vírus. Entretanto, nenhum gato doméstico apresentou infecção por Leishmania sp. A prevalência da infecção para FIV foi maior que a observada para FeLV, e que a observada em outras regiões, mas nenhum fator teve associação à infecção neste estudo.

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          Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual

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            Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review

            Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses with global impact on the health of domestic cats. The two viruses differ in their potential to cause disease. FeLV is more pathogenic, and was long considered to be responsible for more clinical syndromes than any other agent in cats. FeLV can cause tumors (mainly lymphoma), bone marrow suppression syndromes (mainly anemia), and lead to secondary infectious diseases caused by suppressive effects of the virus on bone marrow and the immune system. Today, FeLV is less commonly diagnosed than in the previous 20 years; prevalence has been decreasing in most countries. However, FeLV importance may be underestimated as it has been shown that regressively infected cats (that are negative in routinely used FeLV tests) also can develop clinical signs. FIV can cause an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that increases the risk of opportunistic infections, neurological diseases, and tumors. In most naturally infected cats, however, FIV itself does not cause severe clinical signs, and FIV-infected cats may live many years without any health problems. This article provides a review of clinical syndromes in progressively and regressively FeLV-infected cats as well as in FIV-infected cats.
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              LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis

              Limited data is available on feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by Leishmania infantum worldwide. The LeishVet group presents in this report a review of the current knowledge on FeL, the epidemiological role of the cat in L. infantum infection, clinical manifestations, and recommendations on diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, prognosis and prevention of infection, in order to standardize the management of this disease in cats. The consensus of opinions and recommendations was formulated by combining a comprehensive review of evidence-based studies and case reports, clinical experience and critical consensus discussions. While subclinical feline infections are common in areas endemic for canine leishmaniosis, clinical illness due to L. infantum in cats is rare. The prevalence rates of feline infection with L. infantum in serological or molecular-based surveys range from 0 % to more than 60 %. Cats are able to infect sand flies and, therefore, they may act as a secondary reservoir, with dogs being the primary natural reservoir. The most common clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities compatible with FeL include lymph node enlargement and skin lesions such as ulcerative, exfoliative, crusting or nodular dermatitis (mainly on the head or distal limbs), ocular lesions (mainly uveitis), feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome, mucocutaneous ulcerative or nodular lesions, hypergammaglobulinaemia and mild normocytic normochromic anaemia. Clinical illness is frequently associated with impaired immunocompetence, as in case of retroviral coinfections or immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is based on serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or culture. If serological testing is negative or low positive in a cat with clinical signs compatible with FeL, the diagnosis of leishmaniosis should not be excluded and additional diagnostic methods (cytology, histology with IHC, PCR, culture) should be employed. The most common treatment used is allopurinol. Meglumine antimoniate has been administered in very few reported cases. Both drugs are administered alone and most cats recover clinically after therapy. Follow-up of treated cats with routine laboratory tests, serology and PCR is essential for prevention of clinical relapses. Specific preventative measures for this infection in cats are currently not available.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                May 2017
                : 37
                : 5
                : 491-494
                Affiliations
                [2] Cuiabá Mato Grosso orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária orgdiv2Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária Brazil
                Article
                S0100-736X2017000500491
                10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500011
                96c5fcf9-95d1-4a78-9eab-648ceaba651d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 October 2015
                : 15 July 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Feline,FIV,FeLV,Felino,PCR,visceral leishmaniasis,leishmaniose visceral

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