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      Aspectos das práticas alimentares e da atividade física como determinantes do crescimento do sobrepeso/obesidade no Brasil Translated title: Dietary and physical activity factors as determinants of the increase in overweight/obesity in Brazil

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          Abstract

          Os dados acerca do sobrepeso/obesidade na população brasileira demonstram um crescimento na sua prevalência entre as décadas de 70 e 90. Os dois aspectos mais apresentados como relacionados a este quadro têm sido mudanças no consumo alimentar, com aumento do fornecimento de energia pela dieta e redução da atividade física, configurando um "estilo de vida ocidental contemporâneo". Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar alguns indicadores que se correlacionam com mudanças nas práticas alimentares e de atividade física na população brasileira nos últimos trinta anos. Apesar da carência de dados detalhados, os fatores que podem estar contribuindo para o quadro em tela incluem: migração interna; alimentação fora de casa; crescimento na oferta de refeições rápidas; mudanças no trabalho; meios de deslocamento; e equipamentos domésticos. Faltam informações mais detalhadas sobre as práticas alimentares e o padrão de atividade física no Brasil, em associação a dados antropométricos, para uma melhor explicação dessa relação. Há necessidade de projetos e programas intersetoriais que tenham metas bem definidas e que garantam a adesão da população a um estilo de vida saudável na perspectiva do controle do crescimento da prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade no país.

          Translated abstract

          Data from Brazilian national surveys conducted since the 1970s have indicated an increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity. The two most frequently cited causes of this trend have been dietary changes and reduction in physical activity, characterizing a "contemporary Western lifestyle". The objective of this paper is to identify and assess some indicators associated with changes in eating habits and physical activity patterns in the Brazilian population in the last 30 years. Despite the lack of detailed data, the following factors appear to play an important role in the process: internal migration; dining out; increased consumption of fast food; labor changes; transportation; and the use of home appliances. More information on dietary and physical activity patterns in association with anthropometric data on the Brazilian population are needed for a better understanding of each factor's role in these relationships. Meanwhile, inter-sector programs and projects with well-defined targets and outcomes are needed for the population's adherence to a healthier lifestyle, in order to control the increase in overweight/obesity.

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          Most cited references97

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          Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women.

          We studied physical fitness and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 10,224 men and 3120 women who were given a preventive medical examination. Physical fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill exercise test. Average follow-up was slightly more than 8 years, for a total of 110,482 person-years of observation. There were 240 deaths in men and 43 deaths in women. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates declined across physical fitness quintiles from 64.0 per 10,000 person-years in the least-fit men to 18.6 per 10,000 person-years in the most-fit men (slope, -4.5). Corresponding values for women were 39.5 per 10,000 person-years to 8.5 per 10,000 person-years (slope, -5.5). These trends remained after statistical adjustment for age, smoking habit, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, parental history of coronary heart disease, and follow-up interval. Lower mortality rates in higher fitness categories also were seen for cardiovascular disease and cancer of combined sites. Attributable risk estimates for all-cause mortality indicated that low physical fitness was an important risk factor in both men and women. Higher levels of physical fitness appear to delay all-cause mortality primarily due to lowered rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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            The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the US obesity epidemic.

            Because larger food portions could be contributing to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, this study was designed to weigh samples of marketplace foods, identify historical changes in the sizes of those foods, and compare current portions with federal standards. We obtained information about current portions from manufacturers or from direct weighing; we obtained information about past portions from manufacturers or contemporary publications. Marketplace food portions have increased in size and now exceed federal standards. Portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, rose sharply in the 1980s, and have continued in parallel with increasing body weights. Because energy content increases with portion size, educational and other public health efforts to address obesity should focus on the need for people to consume smaller portions.
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              Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                June 2004
                : 20
                : 3
                : 698-709
                Affiliations
                [01] Niterói orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Departamento de Nutrição Social Brasil
                [02] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública orgdiv2Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2004000300006 S0102-311X(04)02000306
                10.1590/S0102-311X2004000300006
                96db1f37-df52-4bee-96e5-e17da92e2c44

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 August 2003
                : 23 October 2003
                : 16 January 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 59, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                Atividade Física,Hábitos Alimentares,Obesidade,Physical Activity,Food Habits,Obesity

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