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      A Switch from White to Brown Fat Increases Energy Expenditure in Cancer-Associated Cachexia

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          Abstract

          Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a wasting syndrome characterized by systemic inflammation, body weight loss, atrophy of white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. Limited therapeutic options are available and the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Here we show that a phenotypic switch from WAT to brown fat, a phenomenon termed WAT browning, takes place in the initial stages of CAC, before skeletal muscle atrophy. WAT browning is associated with increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which uncouples mitochondrial respiration toward thermogenesis instead of ATP synthesis, leading to increased lipid mobilization and energy expenditure in cachectic mice. Chronic inflammation and the cytokine interleukin-6 increase UCP1 expression in WAT, and treatments that reduce inflammation or β-adrenergic blockade reduce WAT browning and ameliorate the severity of cachexia. Importantly, UCP1 staining is observed in WAT from CAC patients. Thus, inhibition of WAT browning represents a promising approach to ameliorate cachexia in cancer patients. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell Metabolism
          Cell Metabolism
          Elsevier BV
          15504131
          September 2014
          September 2014
          : 20
          : 3
          : 433-447
          Article
          10.1016/j.cmet.2014.06.011
          25043816
          9748c6ef-625e-43d6-a3cb-c340c0b8b401
          © 2014

          https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

          https://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/

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