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      Health Risks Associated with Meat Consumption: A Review of Epidemiological Studies

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          Abstract

          Abstract. Recent evidence from large prospective US and European cohort studies and from meta-analyses of epidemiological studies indicates that the long-term consumption of increasing amounts of red meat and particularly of processed meat is associated with an increased risk of total mortality, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes, in both men and women. The association persists after inclusion of known confounding factors, such as age, race, BMI, history, smoking, blood pressure, lipids, physical activity and multiple nutritional parameters in multivariate analysis. The association has not always been noted with red meat, and it has been absent with white meat. There is evidence of several mechanisms for the observed adverse effects that might be involved, however, their individual role is not defined at present. It is concluded that recommendations for the consumption of unprocessed red meat and particularly of processed red meat should be more restrictive than existing recommendations. Restrictive recommendations should not be applied to subjects above about 70 years of age, as the studies quoted herein did not examine this age group, and the inclusion of sufficient protein supply (e. g. in the form of meat) is particularly important in the elderly.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          vit
          International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research
          Hogrefe AG, Bern
          0300-9831
          1664-2821
          2015
          : 85
          : 1-2
          : 70-78
          Affiliations
          [ 1 ]on behalf of the Federal Commission for Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland
          Author notes
          Ulrich Keller, Prof. Dr. med., Federal Commission for Nutrition, Stauffacherstrasse 101, 8004 Zürich, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 58 467 21 97, E-mail ulrich.keller@ 123456unibas.ch
          Article
          vit_85_1-2_70
          10.1024/0300-9831/a000224
          26780279
          9775cd80-d263-4b4b-92eb-2f10c9ca0873
          Copyright @ 2015
          History
          Categories
          Review

          Endocrinology & Diabetes,Medicine,Nutrition & Dietetics
          mortality,poultry,colon cancer,diabetes type 2,red meat,processed meat,meat,protein,cardiovascular disease

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