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      Novel multidisciplinary approach to monitor and treat fetuses with gastroschisis using the Svetliza Reducibility Index and the EXIT-like procedure Translated title: Nova abordagem multidisciplinar para monitorizar e tratar fetos com gastrosquise utilizando o Svetliza Reducibility Index e o procedimento EXIT-like

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective

          To describe our initial experience with a novel approach to follow-up and treat gastroschisis in “zero minute” using the EXITlike procedure.

          Methods

          Eleven fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis were evaluated. The Svetliza Reductibility Index was used to prospectively evaluate five cases, and six cases were used as historical controls. The Svetliza Reductibility Index consisted in dividing the real abdominal wall defect diameter by the larger intestinal loop to be fitted in such space. The EXIT-like procedure consists in planned cesarean section, fetal analgesia and return of the herniated viscera to the abdominal cavity before the baby can fill the intestines with air. No general anesthesia or uterine relaxation is needed. Exteriorized viscera reduction is performed while umbilical cord circulation is maintained.

          Results

          Four of the five cases were performed with the EXIT-like procedure. Successful complete closure was achieved in three infants. The other cases were planned deliveries at term and treated by construction of a Silo. The average time to return the viscera in EXIT-like Group was 5.0 minutes, and, in all cases, oximetry was maintained within normal ranges. In the perinatal period, there were significant statistical differences in ventilation days required (p = 0.0169), duration of parenteral nutrition (p=0.0104) and duration of enteral feed (p=0.0294).

          Conclusion

          The Svetliza Reductibility Index and EXIT-like procedure could be new options to follow and treat gastroschisis, with significantly improved neonatal outcome in our unit. Further randomized studies are needed to evaluate this novel approach.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo

          Descrever a experiência inicial com a nova técnica cirúrgica EXIT-like para acompanhamento e correção de gastrosquise no “minuto zero”.

          Métodos

          Foram avaliados onze fetos com diagnóstico pré-natal de gastrosquise. O Svetliza Reducibility Index foi usado prospectivamente para avaliar cinco casos, e seis foram utilizados como controles. O índice foi calculado dividindo-se o diâmetro do defeito da parede abdominal pela maior alça intestinal que coubesse neste espaço. O procedimento EXIT-like compreendeu cesárea programada, analgesia fetal e redução da víscera herniada para a cavidade abdominal, antes da deglutição de ar pelo recém- nascido. Não são necessários anestesia geral e nem relaxamento uterino. A redução da víscera exteriorizada é realizada enquanto se mantém a circulação do cordão umbilical.

          Resultados

          Quatro casos, dos cinco, foram submetidos ao EXIT-like. A correção foi completa em três casos. Os demais casos foram partos a termo planejados, e a correção do defeito foi feita com Silo. O tempo médio de redução da víscera foi de 5,0 minutos no grupo submetido ao procedimento EXITlike, e a oximetria foi mantida dentro dos valores de variação normal em todos os casos. No período perinatal, foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no tempo de ventilação mecânica (p=0,0169), duração da nutrição parenteral (p = 0,0104) e da nutrição enteral (p=0,0294).

          Conclusão

          O Svetliza Reducibility Index e o procedimento EXIT-like podem ser novas opções para acompanhar e tratar gastroquise, com desfecho neonatal significativamente melhor em nossa unidade. Novos estudos randomizados são necessários para avaliar esta nova abordagem.

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          Most cited references38

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          Consensus statement for the prevention and management of pain in the newborn.

          K J Anand (2001)
          To develop evidence-based guidelines for preventing or treating neonatal pain and its adverse consequences. Compared with older children and adults, neonates are more sensitive to pain and vulnerable to its long-term effects. Despite the clinical importance of neonatal pain, current medical practices continue to expose infants to repetitive, acute, or prolonged pain. Experts representing several different countries, professional disciplines, and practice settings used systematic reviews, data synthesis, and open discussion to develop a consensus on clinical practices that were supported by published evidence or were commonly used, the latter based on extrapolation of evidence from older age groups. A practical format was used to describe the analgesic management for specific invasive procedures and for ongoing pain in neonates. Recognition of the sources of pain and routine assessments of neonatal pain should dictate the avoidance of recurrent painful stimuli and the use of specific environmental, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions. Individualized care plans and analgesic protocols for specific clinical situations, patients, and health care settings can be developed from these guidelines. By clearly outlining areas where evidence is not available, these guidelines may also stimulate further research. To use the recommended therapeutic approaches, clinicians must be familiar with their adverse effects and the potential for drug interactions. Management of pain must be considered an important component of the health care provided to all neonates, regardless of their gestational age or severity of illness.
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            • Article: not found

            Intravenous remifentanil: placental transfer, maternal and neonatal effects.

            Remifentanil has not been studied in obstetric patients. This study evaluates the placental transfer of remifentanil and the neonatal effects when administered as an intravenous infusion. Nineteen parturients underwent nonemergent cesarean section with epidural anesthesia and received 0.1 microg kg(-1) x min(-1) remifentanil intravenously, which was continued until skin closure. Maternal arterial (MA), umbilical arterial (UA), and umbilical venous (UV) blood samples were obtained at delivery for analysis of drug concentrations of remifentanil, its metabolite, and blood gases. Maternal vital signs were monitored continuously, and pain and sedation levels were assessed intermittently. Apgar scores were obtained at 1, 5, 10, and 20 min, and Neonatal and Adaptive Capacity Scores were noted 30 and 60 min after delivery. Parturients and newborns were observed for at least 24 h after surgery for side effects. The means and SDs of UV:MA and UA:UV ratios for remifentanil were 0.88+/-0.78 and 0.29+/-0.07, respectively. Mean clearance was 93 ml x min(-1) kg(-1). The mean UV:MA and UA:MV ratios for remifentanil acid were 0.56+/-0.29 and 1.23+/-0.89, respectively. The mean MA (remifentanil acid):MA (remifentanil) ratio was 2.92+/-3.65. There were no adverse effects on the neonates, but there was a sedative effect and respiratory depressant effect on the mothers. Remifentanil crosses the placenta but appears to be rapidly metabolized, redistributed, or both. Maternal sedation and respiratory changes occur, but without adverse neonatal or maternal effects.
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              • Article: not found

              Frequency of anomalies and hospital outcomes in infants with gastroschisis and omphalocele.

              Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the most common anterior abdominal wall defects affecting infants. There are few large cohort studies describing the frequency of associated anomalies in infants with these 2 conditions. We describe associated anomalies and outcomes in infants with these defects using a large, multi-center clinical database.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                eins
                Einstein
                Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
                1679-4508
                2317-6385
                Oct-Dec 2017
                Oct-Dec 2017
                : 15
                : 4
                : 395-402
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira - Rua Independência, 2,390 - Zip code: 15025-095 - São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil - Phone: (55 17) 3519-3030 - E-mail: gustavo@ 123456imrfetal.com.br

                Conflict of interest: none.

                Article
                S1679-45082017AO3979
                10.1590/S1679-45082017AO3979
                5875150
                29364360
                97ab3ec5-eb5d-4510-9d1b-ac56a1c8a272

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 05 January 2017
                : 15 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 8, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Article

                gastroschisis/surgery,abdominal wall/abnormalities,fetal therapies,fetal diagnosis,fetus/surgery,gastrosquise/cirurgia,parede abdominal/anormalidades,terapias fetais,diagnóstico fetal,feto/cirurgia

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