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      Tinnitus evaluation: relationship between pitch matching and loudness, visual analog scale and tinnitus handicap inventory Translated title: Análise da relação entre tinnitus handicap inventory, acufenometria e escala visual analógica na avaliação do zumbido

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Tinnitus is a subjective auditory symptom usually associated with a sound, even in the absence of external sound sources. Its diagnosis is complex, and some of the forms of measurement alone or in combination, include self-assessment questionnaires, such as the tinnitus handicap inventory, the visual analog scale and/or pitch and loudness matching.

          Objective

          To analyze the correlation among three tinnitus measurement methods: tinnitus handicap inventory, visual analog scale and pitch and loudness matching.

          Methods

          The study consisted of 148 patients complaining of chronic tinnitus. An otorhinolaryngological evaluation, anamnesis directed to tinnitus, audiometry (pure tone and speech), imitanciometry, tinnitus handicap inventory, visual analog scale, and pitch and loudness matching were performed. The study was registered in the Ethics Committee of the Institution with no. 0129/12.

          Results

          Regarding the frequency of tinnitus handicap inventory responses, a higher occurrence of the mild degree was observed. An average of 6 points was observed on the visual analog scale. The mean loudness matching in the right ear was 20 dBNS, and in the left ear was 17 dBNS. As for the type of stimulus, the most found was continuous pure tone. The frequency of the pitch sensation was 6000 Hz in the largest number of cases. Regarding the measures of tinnitus handicap inventory and the visual analogical scale, a significant correlation was observed, and as one value increases the other also increases. Pitch and loudness matching and the visual analogical scale results are also significant.

          Conclusion

          There was a significant correlation between the values measured by the tinnitus handicap inventory, visual analogical scale (annoyance) and loudness matching in the evaluation of tinnitus. The selection of any one of the three evaluative methods for tinnitus investigation provides different dimensions of the tinnitus and complements the others.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          O zumbido é um sintoma auditivo de natureza subjetivo, normalmente associado a um som, mesmo na ausência de fontes sonoras externas. Apresenta diagnóstico complexo. Uma das formas de mensuração é o uso, isolado ou em conjunto, de questionários de autoavaliação, como o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, a escala visual analógica e o exame de acufenometria.

          Objetivo

          Analisar a correlação entre os métodos de mensuração do zumbido: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, escala visual analógica e acufenometria.

          Método

          Participaram do estudo 148 pacientes com queixa de zumbido crônico. Realizou-se avaliação otorrinolaringológica, anamnese direcionada ao zumbido, audiometria (tonal e vocal), imitanciometria, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, escala visual analógica e acufenometria. O estudo foi registrado no comitê de ética da instituição, com n° 0129/12.

          Resultados

          Em relação à frequência das respostas do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, foi observada maior ocorrência do grau leve. Observou-se uma média de 6 pontos na escala visual analógica. A média da sensação de intensidade medida na acufenometria na orelha direita foi de 20 dBNS e na orelha esquerda foi de 17 dBNS. Quanto ao tipo de estímulo, o mais encontrado foi o tom puro contínuo. A sensação de frequência, no maior número de casos, foi de 6.000 Hz. Entre as medidas do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory e da escala visual analógica, observou-se correlação significante. À medida que um valor aumenta o outro também aumenta. Os resultados da acufenometria e da escala visual analógica também apresentam significância.

          Conclusão

          Houve correlação significante entre os valores medidos pelo Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, escala visual analógica (incômodo) e acufenometria ( loudness) na avaliação do zumbido. A escolha de um dos três métodos avaliativos para pesquisa do zumbido fornece dimensões diferentes do zumbido e se complementam.

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          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
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          • Article: not found

          Development of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

          To develop a self-report tinnitus handicap measure that is brief, easy to administer and interpret, broad in scope, and psychometrically robust.
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            A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus: clinical implications.

            This paper presents a neurophysiological approach to tinnitus and discusses its clinical implications. A hypothesis of discordant damage of inner and outer hair cells systems in tinnitus generation is outlined. A recent animal model has facilitated the investigation of the mechanisms of tinnitus and has been further refined to allow for the measurement of tinnitus pitch and loudness. The analysis of the processes involved in tinnitus detection postulates the involvement of an abnormal increase of gain within the auditory system. Moreover, it provides a basis for treating patients with hyperacusis, which we are considering to be a pre-tinnitus state. Analysis of the process of tinnitus perception allows for the possibility of facilitating the process of tinnitus habituation for the purpose of its alleviation. The combining of theoretical analysis with clinical findings has resulted in the creation of a multidisciplinary Tinnitus Centre. The foundation of the Centre focuses on two goals: the clinical goal is to remove tinnitus perception from the patient's consciousness, while directing research toward finding a mechanism-based method for the suppression of tinnitus generators and processes responsible for enhancement of tinnitus-related neuronal activity.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Methodological aspects of clinical trials in tinnitus: a proposal for an international standard.

              Chronic tinnitus is a common condition with a high burden of disease. While many different treatments are used in clinical practice, the evidence for the efficacy of these treatments is low and the variance of treatment response between individuals is high. This is most likely due to the great heterogeneity of tinnitus with respect to clinical features as well as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. There is a clear need to find effective treatment options in tinnitus, however, clinical trials differ substantially with respect to methodological quality and design. Consequently, the conclusions that can be derived from these studies are limited and jeopardize comparison between studies. Here, we discuss our view of the most important aspects of trial design in clinical studies in tinnitus and make suggestions for an international methodological standard in tinnitus trials. We hope that the proposed methodological standard will stimulate scientific discussion and will help to improve the quality of trials in tinnitus. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                21 June 2018
                Sep-Oct 2019
                21 June 2018
                : 85
                : 5
                : 611-616
                Affiliations
                [a ]Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley (HULW), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
                [b ]Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
                [c ]Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Programa Associado de Pós-graduação em Fonoaudiologia (PPgFon), Brazil
                [d ]Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociência Cognitiva e Comportamento (PPGNeC), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
                [e ]Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Modelos de Decisão e Saúde (PPgMDS), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
                [f ]Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. mrdrosa@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                S1808-8694(18)30338-0
                10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.05.006
                9443066
                29983341
                97cdbf55-2b8f-4839-be70-e9e97ab9798d
                © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 December 2017
                : 2 May 2018
                Categories
                Original Article

                tinnitus,sound perception,hearing,audiology,questionnaire,zumbido,percepção sonora,audição,audiologia,questionário

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